I'm guessing Bungie's philosophy of making everything achievable (or making sure everyone stays on an even footing, whichever makes sense) even if you're a "casual" extends to raid gear as well. So basically, they don't want the people who can't raid or won't raid to feel like people who raid are better than them and that they've been left behind. Again, Bungie are being dumb and bullheaded here, just like they are with their stance of not keeping pve and pvp separately balanced.
I wouldn't say Bungie is being dumb here for their philosophy. For someone who didn't have the time to invest in the Raid till this week, I appreciate the rewards (Not fully onboard with it being a Powerful Item reward but hey, whatever.)
I think the Raid mod problem is a different issue. The philosophical issue here is that, for whatever reason, Bungie has made the mod system incredibly limited, with a small number of mods. Raid perks tend to be most useful in the Raid so adding Raid mods to Raid armor makes all the sense to me because if thats the only place you can win it, you're clearly already invested into running the raid and that becomes useful to you.
The way it seems the reward philosophy is set up:
Raid/Trials weapons: Carrot on the Stick to spur you to try the activity (Since you can only earn weapons in this engram (Unless I am just a victim of RNG))
Raid/Trials weapons: Trophy you wear to show your badass-itude for having done the activity.
Which I like in concept, I think dropping the Raid/Trial weapons from Clan rewards at Powerful Gear level is maybe a little too excessive? Just drop them not at 10 but at vendor level so they are still viable but doesn't explicitly give you an advantage.
This is from someone who used to be hardcore Destiny 1 but just doesn't have the time to run 3 characters and do all activities even once now. I like getting those weapons, but getting them at powerful gear level seems just a tad bit too generous.
Raid mods should just be an additional layer on top of that, so should Raid emotes, ships and sparrows - WHICH I CANNOT BELIEVE AREN'T IN THE GAME.