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New species of wolf is born...

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P

Pakkidis

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7e7vDvH.jpg


http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21677188-it-rare-new-animal-species-emerge-front-scientists-eyes?cid1=cust/ednew/n/bl/n/20151029n/owned/n/n/nwl/n/n/NA/n

LIKE some people who might rather not admit it, wolves faced with a scarcity of potential sexual partners are not beneath lowering their standards. It was desperation of this sort, biologists reckon, that led dwindling wolf populations in southern Ontario to begin, a century or two ago, breeding widely with dogs and coyotes. The clearance of forests for farming, together with the deliberate persecution which wolves often suffer at the hand of man, had made life tough for the species. That same forest clearance, though, both permitted coyotes to spread from their prairie homeland into areas hitherto exclusively lupine, and brought the dogs that accompanied the farmers into the mix.

Interbreeding between animal species usually leads to offspring less vigorous than either parent—if they survive at all. But the combination of wolf, coyote and dog DNA that resulted from this reproductive necessity generated an exception. The consequence has been booming numbers of an extraordinarily fit new animal (see picture) spreading through the eastern part of North America. Some call this creature the eastern coyote. Others, though, have dubbed it the “coywolf”. Whatever name it goes by, Roland Kays of North Carolina State University, in Raleigh, reckons it now numbers in the millions. The mixing of genes that has created the coywolf has been more rapid, pervasive and transformational than many once thought. Javier Monzón, who worked until recently at Stony Brook University in New York state (he is now at Pepperdine University, in California) studied the genetic make-up of 437 of the animals, in ten north-eastern states plus Ontario. He worked out that, though coyote DNA dominates, a tenth of the average coywolf’s genetic material is dog and a quarter is wolf.

The DNA from both wolves and dogs (the latter mostly large breeds, like Doberman Pinschers and German Shepherds), brings big advantages, says Dr Kays. At 25kg or more, many coywolves have twice the heft of purebred coyotes. With larger jaws, more muscle and faster legs, individual coywolves can take down small deer. A pack of them can even kill a moose.

Coyotes dislike hunting in forests. Wolves prefer it. Interbreeding has produced an animal skilled at catching prey in both open terrain and densely wooded areas, says Dr Kays. And even their cries blend those of their ancestors. The first part of a howl resembles a wolf’s (with a deep pitch), but this then turns into a higher-pitched, coyote-like yipping.

The animal’s range has encompassed America’s entire north-east, urban areas included, for at least a decade, and is continuing to expand in the south-east following coywolves’ arrival there half a century ago. This is astonishing. Purebred coyotes never managed to establish themselves east of the prairies. Wolves were killed off in eastern forests long ago. But by combining their DNA, the two have given rise to an animal that is able to spread into a vast and otherwise uninhabitable territory. Indeed, coywolves are now living even in large cities, like Boston, Washington and New York. According to Chris Nagy of the Gotham Coyote Project, which studies them in New York, the Big Apple already has about 20, and numbers are rising.

Even wilier

Some speculate that this adaptability to city life is because coywolves’ dog DNA has made them more tolerant of people and noise, perhaps counteracting the genetic material from wolves—an animal that dislikes humans. And interbreeding may have helped coywolves urbanise in another way, too, by broadening the animals’ diet. Having versatile tastes is handy for city living. Coywolves eat pumpkins, watermelons and other garden produce, as well as discarded food. They also eat rodents and other smallish mammals. Many lawns and parks are kept clear of thick underbrush, so catching squirrels and pets is easy. Cats are typically eaten skull and all, with clues left only in the droppings.

Thanks to this bounty, an urban coywolf need occupy only half the territory it would require in the countryside. And getting into town is easy. Railways provide corridors that make the trip simple for animals as well as people.

Surviving once there, though, requires a low profile. As well as having small territories, coywolves have adjusted to city life by becoming nocturnal. They have also learned the Highway Code, looking both ways before they cross a road. Dr Kays marvels at this “amazing contemporary evolution story that’s happening right underneath our nose”.

Whether the coywolf actually has evolved into a distinct species is debated. Jonathan Way, who works in Massachusetts for the National Park Service, claims in a forthcoming paper that it has. He thinks its morphological and genetic divergence from its ancestors is sufficient to qualify. But many disagree. One common definition of a species is a population that will not interbreed with outsiders. Since coywolves continue to mate with dogs and wolves, the argument goes, they are therefore not a species. But, given the way coywolves came into existence, that definition would mean wolves and coyotes should not be considered different species either—and that does not even begin to address whether domestic dogs are a species, or just an aberrant form of wolf.

In reality, “species” is a concept invented by human beings. And, as this argument shows, that concept is not clear-cut. What the example of the coywolf does demonstrate, though, is that evolution is not the simple process of one species branching into many that the textbooks might have you believe. Indeed, recent genetic research has discovered that even Homo sapiens is partly a product of hybridisation. Modern Europeans carry Neanderthal genes, and modern East Asians the genes of a newly recognised type of early man called the Denisovans. Exactly how this happened is unclear. But maybe, as with the wolves of southern Ontario, it was the only way that some of the early settlers of those areas could get a date.
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Very cool and interesting to see how genes work. I hope this isn't old.
 
R

rjinaz

Member
Beautiful animal. I always liked coyotes. Docile when alone. Not so much in packs but they've never bothered me. Had a few come within a few feet of me, seemingly just to check me out and then carry on their merry way.
 
C

Cagey

Banned
LIKE some people who might rather not admit it, wolves faced with a scarcity of potential sexual partners are not beneath lowering their standards
Click to expand...

God damn The Economist.
 
E

efyu_lemonardo

May I have a cookie?
At 25kg or more, many coywolves have twice the heft of purebred coyotes. With larger jaws, more muscle and faster legs, individual coywolves can take down small deer. A pack of them can even kill a moose.
Click to expand...
7e7vDvH.jpg

Coyotes dislike hunting in forests. Wolves prefer it. Interbreeding has produced an animal skilled at catching prey in both open terrain and densely wooded areas, says Dr Kays.
Click to expand...

badass

edit: OP, use this one as it's rehosted
 
Trojita

Trojita

Rapid Response Threadmaker
Was expecting a new new wolf. Coywolfs have been around for about 8 years now at least. They are really fascinating creatures, taking the best of both species and putting them into one animal.

There's actually a big problem with the fact that unlike wolves, coywolves have no problem going into urban/suburban areas. We had one that ate a neighbor's poodle.
 
C

Chezzymann

Member
As the article states species is not clearly defined and this blurs the line of what a species is due to its arrival by interbreeding, in my opinion that's not a completley new species. More like a subspecies like how dogs are.
 
Trojita

Trojita

Rapid Response Threadmaker
They also take a more cooperative role in social packs than coyotes do. They take this from the wolf, which is a more social animal than it's coyote cousin.
 
E

efyu_lemonardo

May I have a cookie?
Trojita said:
Was expecting a new new wolf. Coywolfs have been around for about 8 years now at least. They are really fascinating creatures, taking the best of both species and putting them into one animal.

There's actually a big problem with the fact that unlike wolves, coywolves have no problem going into urban/suburban areas. We had one that ate a neighbor's poodle.
Click to expand...

The article even says they've learned to look both ways before crossing highways and that they're becoming prominent in areas where neither wolf nor coyote could survive. They're omnivores, adapted to nocturnal life, and they're strong too.

But by combining their DNA, the two have given rise to an animal that is able to spread into a vast and otherwise uninhabitable territory. Indeed, coywolves are now living even in large cities, like Boston, Washington and New York. According to Chris Nagy of the Gotham Coyote Project, which studies them in New York, the Big Apple already has about 20, and numbers are rising.
Click to expand...

Having versatile tastes is handy for city living. Coywolves eat pumpkins, watermelons and other garden produce, as well as discarded food. They also eat rodents and other smallish mammals. Many lawns and parks are kept clear of thick underbrush, so catching squirrels and pets is easy. Cats are typically eaten skull and all, with clues left only in the droppings.
Click to expand...

As well as having small territories, coywolves have adjusted to city life by becoming nocturnal. They have also learned the Highway Code, looking both ways before they cross a road. Dr Kays marvels at this “amazing contemporary evolution story that’s happening right underneath our nose”.
Click to expand...

Has nature gone too far?
 
Trojita

Trojita

Rapid Response Threadmaker
efyu_lemonardo said:
The article even says they've learned to look both ways before crossing highways and that they're becoming prominent in areas where neither wolf nor coyote could survive. They're omnivores, adapted to nocturnal life, and they're strong too.

Has nature gone too far?
Click to expand...

It's weird in that humans have bred the hybrid but in nature wolfs and coyotes have also been getting it on.
 
Z

Zeke

Member
That's pretty awesome I hope they make it to south Texas. I hope jaguars make a come back in Texas too that would amazing. I know they spotted one in Arizona which is pretty damn exciting.
 
E

Empty Space

Member
ChubbyHuggs said:
Interesting... I wonder if their diets are more like 50/50 with meat and plants. They could wreak havoc on farms.
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I'd imagine much like dogs they prefer to go after meat, but if they are hungry and meat isn't easily available they will go after fruits and veggies instead.

While its neat that this has happened from scientific standpoint and that the hybrid seems to be starting to conform to some specific traits I find it a little more disconcerting than anything else. Wolves and Coytoes while often bigger in term of size compared to dogs don't carry anywhere near the amount of muscle mass that a dog does. If what the article is implying is true that this hybrid is seemingly taking all of the strongest traits of its component species this could be a real problem for anyone who has to deal with coyotes on a regular basis. Suddenly that fence and whatever guardian dog you have become real useless when your dealing with an animal that is both larger and more muscular than anything barring a moose or bear. I wonder if it cause people who use working Guardian dog breeds to import some of the more solitary, but powerful breeds like Marremas. I have a friend whose farm has one and it goes toe to toe with coyotes with some regularity and walks away fine. It also never leaves its fenced in area though, because they aren't sure how okay it is with strangers. I've never ever touched it, because it makes me so uneasy.
 
B

Byakuya769

Member
Pretty poor argument on what constitutes a species. Wolves prefer wolves over coyotes or dogs (even Grays v. Reds). Do these "coywolves" care? Are they drifting towards a set population with some uniform features beyond "result of interbreeding"?
 
Icefire1424

Icefire1424

Member
Holy crap. For the last six months or so I've been seeing (and hearing) what I thought were a pack of coyote in the woods behind my house, but having seen this, I'm now almost positive this is what's out there. At first I thought it was just a big coyote (as it has the same tail), but was larger than any coyote I've seen before - I chalked it up to the guy just being well fed, probably from feeding on wild turkey, which we have in abundance.

Was considering picking up a trail camera to set up behind my house and get a shot of the guy, but now I'm absolutely going to. Really cool!
 
Pyrrhus

Pyrrhus

Member
rjinaz said:
Doubt it. Coyotes tend to leave people alone and this is mostly a coyote. Don't try and hug it though. I mean a dog will eat a person if it's hungry enough.
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Most things, people included, would eat a person if hungry enough. Go ahead and hug it.
 
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