Focus on Islamist terror plots overlooks threat from far right report
Rightwing 'lone wolves' kill more than Islamists acting alone
The threat from far-right terrorists is being neglected by governments and law enforcement, according to the most extensive survey yet of lone actors in Europe.
While Islamist plotters are given full attention, the authors of the 98-page report warn that in comparison, individuals and small groups of rightwing extremists in the mould of Norways Anders Breivik are in fact more lethal, almost as numerous, and much harder to detect by security services.
Britain leads any other European country for the sheer number of attacks or plots over the past 15 years that have been planned by individuals or self-starting cells, according to the analysis conducted jointly by four research institutes.
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Analysing 31 European countries, researchers found there had been 124 individuals involved in 98 attacks or plots over a 15-year period.
After the UKs 38 planned attacks, France came second with 11. Germany and Sweden both had five. The reports authors concluded that while such attacks have been rare in Europe 10 countries had no documented attacks in 15 years there has been an increase in the frequency of attacks after 2011.
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Out of the 124 perpetrators in the database, 38% were religiously inspired and 33% were branded right-wing extremists. The authors of the report said they were surprised by the finding, given the focus on Islamic extremism.
Given the intense public focus on religiously inspired terrorism, the finding that rightwing extremists account for a similar proportion of perpetrators within the database is particularly significant.
Melanie Smith, one of the co-authors of the report, said that the researchers were surprised at the high proportion of far-right, lone-actor terrorists recorded across Europe. This perception might also explain the allocation of resources by authorities.
When we looked into where resources were going, it became clear that actually the vast majority were going to looking for religiously inspired terrorists which kind of made sense to us because thats what we were expecting too, but thats not the case, she added.
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Rightwing perpetrators those who were motivated by an emphasis on immigration policy, a wish to inspire patriotism and to defend their country from what they term Islamisation tended to be older: the majority of them were about 40 years old. They were also more likely to be socially isolated.
Plotters and attackers from the religiously-inspired cohort were far younger most often less than twenty-five years old as well as being less socially isolated. They tended to have the lowest indication of mental health issues.
From the 72 successfully launched attacks within the database, religiously inspired attacks caused only 8% of deaths. By contrast, rightwing terror attacks accounted for fewer executed attacks in total but just under half of deaths.
The most frequent targets were civilians, in particular ethnic and religious minorities, asylum seekers and immigrants. A large majority of religious targets were Muslim, the report found.
The one outstanding common feature was that 96% of the perpetrators were male.
The challenges of identifying them were apparently deepened by the fact that two-thirds of lone actors had never been active within an extremist group. At the same time, the researchers stated that far-right groups such as Pegida, which has recently launched a British wing, might provide moral oxygen for some violent plotters.
Adding that their research suggested a need for increased coordination among EU member states, in particular when it comes to far-right movements operating across national boundaries, the report highlighted that no far-right organisations were currently listed as terror groups.
Rightwing 'lone wolves' kill more than Islamists acting alone
The Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) in London says in its report Countering Lone Actor Terrorism that rightwing extremists across Europe present a substantial threat to the public that should not be overlooked.
It details the cases of 94 people who were killed and 260 who were injured in attacks by far-right terrorists acting on their own between the start of 2000 and the end of 2014.
In contrast, religiously inspired lone attacks killed 16 and injured 65 people.
The report, which is released in updated form on Wednesday, says: Rightwing extremists represent a substantial aspect of the lone actor threat and must not be overlooked.
It says that lone wolf extremists have been responsible for 98 plots and 72 attacks in 30 European countries including Norway and Switzerland in the period examined.
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They include the killing of 77 and injuring of 242 people in Norway by Anders Breivik in July 2011 in shooting and bomb attacks fuelled by his rightwing views and belief in the Islamisation of Europe.
The report says the intense focus among the public and in the media on the danger from the Islamist terror threat is at odds with the reality of the threat posed by rightwing lone wolves.
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The media, and consequently public attention, is largely focused on violent Islamist extremists; while this may reflect the broader threat, it is at odds with that from lone actor terrorism, the report says.