I don't plan to work this job as a career. It's just a part time job while I go to school. My concern extends to any career job I may have. Should I expect a more corporate job to allow smokers constant breaks while I pick up their slack?
Life is rarely fair in workplace environments, and this extends way, way beyond smoke breaks.
Since this is just a part-time retail job, my advice is basically going to be to suck it up...but when you set out on your real career path, you're going to discover bias and unfairness that will make this seem laughable in comparison. (Just wait until you are passed up on your first deserved promotion.)
Two pieces of advice:
1. Don't get angry about it. It's a waste of time and only leads to stress.
2. If you can't beat the system, join it. Strive to develop personal and professional relationships in your jobs, the people you connect with will often be the key to getting yourself the kind of "unfair advantages" you'll often see in the corporate world.