Despite the fact that a lot of issues with javascript engines, jQuery was build for, are not a problem anymore, it's still really really useful. I would definitely look into that, you will stumble into jQuery code always and everywhere in the web.
But, vanilla js should
always be the first thing you learn, as it's the base for everything else.
If you don't know what a prototype is and how "this" works, you'll get headaches later, that's for sure. (you'll get them anyway though, but not as frequent
)
For PHP all I can say is: I don't like the syntax very much, so many remains from the past, but with a good framework (like Laravel) it's still a solid contender. It's easy to setup, cheap to host, and not that hard to learn. It does not suite any project, Java etc exist for a reason, but for my everyday work I don't want to deal with these monsters.