Until the last two to three years, Microsoft was able to keep its stock price continually climbing and stock splits coming by steadily increasing earnings per share. Every quarter Microsoft beat analyst profit expectations and the stock went up and up and up as a result. Lately that hasn't been the case, not because profits haven't been good but because of Microsoft's legal problems. In the long run, though, things might return to what Microsoft used to consider "normal, so Ballmer and others continue to manage for steadily increasing earnings. Now most companies increase earnings by pushing sales, sometimes at the expense of the following quarter and Microsoft may do some of that from time to time. But the other way they manage earnings is through their simple ability to stop wasting money. Rather than boosting earnings, Microsoft manages expenses. As part of this technique, they've even been accused of accounting irregularities that pushed earnings DOWN, not boosted them, like just about very other company with accounting problems.
Here's how earnings management works. When Bob Scranton and I took a bowling class a million years ago at the College of Wooster, there were two girls in the class who didn't bowl nearly as well as we did, but they got a better grade at the end of the term. They did this by deliberately doing poorly at first, then got slowly better through the term, while Bob and I just stupidly bowled our hearts out right from the start. Our scores were always better, but their scores dramatically improved and ours didn't. The teacher (imagine a bowling teacher -- now there's a concept) graded on improvement. And so, historically, does Wall Street.
Microsoft is so incredibly profitable that it can carry all those losing businesses along quite deliberately, knowing that at any time they can be shut down or trimmed back and the money that might have been spent converted instantly and precisely into profit. If Microsoft simply shut down all its money losers, sales would shrink by about 20 percent, but profits would double. And Wall Street would love it. But then what do you do next year? That's why Microsoft does business this way. It's better to grow earnings by 15 to 25 percent per year for several years than to show all the growth at once. And absent the accounting gimmicks, since dealt with by a consent decree and a few changes in the way Microsoft accounts for this and that, all this is perfectly legal. There is nothing wrong with overspending.