Caution: This turns into a rant out of nowhere.
I grew up in one of the worst parts of Scotland, a slum that was the location for the "heroin baby" parts of Trainspotting. My dad left when I was three so my mother raised three of us (two sisters) herself, with part time jobs. There were days I didn't eat, but those were rare. We ate very poorly, however and if it wasn't for free school lunch, it would have been grinding.
I was the only one of our family who went to college, again, thanks to a free education system, there were plenty of rungs out of poverty for those who could reach them to climb. Which sounds simple, but when you grow up in poverty and violence, you don't get to "be" smart. You're surrounded in rough schools by rough, pasty-faced thugs who will continually drag you back down to their level.
I struggled out of it, got an education, got a great, lucky-ass first job as a writer on a games magazine in England, eventually moved to the States and I am now very comfortable. If my twelve year old self could see me now, he'd think me "rich." But while I am comfortable and sensible with money, the occasional 3am terror wakes me up, believing myself back in that grim, violent poverty. So I never feel safe. (OP should watch the Herzog documentary, "Little Dieter Needs to Fly to get an insight into his food hoarding).
Scotland in the 1970s was almost completely homogenous and white, so I have a slightly weird view of American race and poverty, but the older I get, the more correct I believe it is.
African American poverty is an institutionalized version of the poor kids I grew up among. They aren't poor because of some inherent flaw in their makeup. They aren't more violent than the poor in my country (actually, I'd argue less so, since the lack of guns where I grew up makes other less lethal forms of violence more casual and frequent).
The point and difference being that this country has a very obvious history of problems, and since African Americans are easily identified, they can be easily and continually discriminated against, cementing many of their problems. I always find it absolutely confounding that racists in this country FUCKING INSIST on pretending that discrimination isn't the cause, and that instead there's an inherent flaw in that "culture." How a human brain can contain those two ideas at the same time - that black people are awful and that black people aren't discriminated against - without exploding into a jelly of cognitive dissonance, is beyond me.,
Black people are (more likely to be) poor because of racism, pure and simple. It doesn't have to be deliberate or even evil. In this country I think there are reflexes built into both individuals and systems. Even "good" people do racist things or do too little to prevent them.
"Why don't they fix the problems in the inner cities themselves?" is the refrain, and it's aggravating as fuck. There is no "they" except the "they" deliberate and accidental discrimination create and maintain.
What's the point of that rant? I'm not sure. Just that sometimes I will see a poor black kid in a shitty neighborhood in the States and think, "That kid might be smarter than me. He might work harder than me. He might be having a much harder time than I ever did." But that he's fucked, because this country won't lower that ladder down to him. Because it recognizes him on sight. The simple fact of the way he looks and a history and habit of hating it.
That ladder was lowered to me because I looked the same as the systems and people in charge of it. They didn't recognize my origin. It didn't really matter.
I still marvel at how recent the civil rights era was. We were on our way to the fucking MOON. And it was still legal apartheid. Fucking crazy. And don't get me started on Obama Derangement Syndrome.
The only cure is time and hard work and deliberately going out of our way to lower the ladder to everyone. And to those that need it most, first. Which is why it's not Affirmative Action. It's basic fucking fairness. It's going the extra yard to do what you should have been doing in the first place and didn't.