2) Consider the province of Quebec in Canada. There was a push for independence by a significant faction of the population. What does Canada do? Allow for a referendum. It fails. Years later, another one is held, and again the majority votes to remain a part of Canada. If it had gone the other way, Canada would have granted Quebec its independence, at whatever cost. The situations are not identical, of course, but structurally I think it demonstrates how China should ideally be respecting the wishes of a distinct (culturally, they govern themselves, etc) group of people.
Ummm...really? In his biography Jean Chretien (the Canadian Prime Minister at the time) stated that he was on the phone with Bill Clinton and was really freaked out about the whole Quebec separtists thing. He was ready to call the army into Quebec, if the "oui" vote won out, he admits as much. I don't remember saying he'd subdue all the people and make them remember who their supreme ruler is and that they can't leave with their poutine and their portion of Canada's debt, but I don't think he wanted to send the army in there to give them all hugs either...
As for China and Taiwan...It's a really tricky issue. The ONLY reason Taiwan is independent is due to US support of the KMT (or GMD) over the Communists in China during its civil war. The US provided weapons and finances to the KMT because they were anti-communist.
Just before the Japanese invaded China, China was in the midst of a civil war. The Kuomintang (KMT) were in power and were trying to wipe out the Communists to secure their dominance. In the middle of this civil war, the Japanese invaded China under some very questionable pretenses, which led to an undecided and vulnerable China. During this time, the Communists won support from the people by fighting (and very well I might add) the Japanese who had invaded China. The KMT on the other hand, who receiving weapons and finances from the US simply because they despised the Communists, were only doing a half-hearted job at defending the nation. Chiang Kai Shek focused more on wiping out the Communists first and then taking the on the Japanese, but the people did not like this approach because 'Chinese were killing Chinese and not the enemy.'
This internal strife led to Chiang Kai Shek's kidnapping towards the end of the civil war in the 'Xian Incident' by one of his generals. While in captivity, Chiang was forced to unit with the Communists to fight the Japanese. However, when the Japanese were defeated, the KMT tried to attack the Communists (note: this was a 2nd united front between the two and it was the second attempt to backstab the Communists, history is so messed up like that
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). But the Communists were prepared for the KMT this time and repelled their attacks. With the loss of the people's support KMT had little choice but to flee.
Eventually the Communists took over China, the KMT fled to Taiwan (and from what I read they took a lot of money and valuables with them). China was the rogue state and Taiwan was the REAL China according to the US at the time. The US set up a blockade of ships and warned those commies in China to leave their allies in Taiwan alone. You honestly believe that a small country like Taiwan can face a juggarnaut with over 2.3 billion people all by itself?
Now personally, I feel if Taiwan wants its indepedence, it should go ahead and take it. China has enough problems to worry about and should really focus more on cleaning out the facitonalism, corruption, and disgorganization in its own government, and while they're at it I wouldn't mind seeing improved relations between all East Asian nations either.
But let's face it, does ANY country want to give up control of lands it feels it has a right to? Land equals money, power, and influence and no country really wants to give those up. The other thing to remember is that there's still a strong sense of 'face' in China right now and if the world sees that China is unable to control one of its own territories, then it might be viewed as a loss of face, an embarrassment, and potentially, a weakness.