Yes, funding a standing military is an important part of what governments do for their countries (and one could argue, the most important function.)
The expectation that other countries won't be bad actors and require military intervention (Gulf war, Afghanistan) is fundamentally naive..
The issue w/ that thesis is that you can't do it w/ just taxing the ultra wealthy, you're going to need to hit the top 20% or so to maximize income tax rates. And that's a political minefield.
A scaling tax system
is best. It can be a challenge to get said scale spot on, but it's understandable why if you're earning hundreds of thousands if not millions 20-30%+ of that going to tax can be liveable quite easily versus saying to someone earning 22 thousand a year you're going to have to give up 30%. Most successful countries that have free health care, education and some sort of a welfare system by nature have to ask those earning way above an ordinary living wage to contribute more.
You can argue ethics and morals of that till you turn blue in the face, but thankfully large chunks of humanity realise not everyone in society can have shit tons of money. Equality of opportunity tries to give as many people in life possibilities to better their lives through education, career help and other possibilities. But no, not everyone can be earning 100k+ a year. There is no future for any country that actually thinks every citizen can just be given a salary that takes you into the realms of covering bills/living & eating well AND being able to buy fancy cars, houses, multiple holidays a year and more.
Where there is a huge mishandling of the system is when a Government raises taxes, of which a much higher proportion comes from the very wealthy, then goes and shits the money away irresponsibly. That then creates the austerity based system in the UK where the Government AND the rich blame the poor and the less well off when really its the damn Government mishandling the money they raise via taxes. Throw in the token complaint here about how companies get off with tax evasion too, as that's another argument to be had about Google/Amazon and the others operating in countries, earning billions, and then fucking off with 5-10m paid in tax. Again, that's on the Government's in question, not necessarily an innate failing of capitalism.