Goldrusher
Member

June 13, Belgians votes for a new federal government.
We already went voting for that in 2007, but attempts to create a functional government failed twice. Earlier this year, one of the Flemish parties said "fuck this" and so now Belgians have to vote again.
But why do we struggle with our federal government ?

A little introduction...
Because Belgium isn't what you (probably) think it is...
BELGIUM TODAY
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The Kingdom of Belgium is a small country located in the middle of Western Europe. It shares borders with The Netherlands (north), Germany (east), Luxembourg (south-east) and France (south). In the west, across the English channel, is the United Kingdom.
To Americans, it's comparable in size to Maryland. There live 10.8 million people.
It's known as the land of chocolate, waffles, beer, fries, comic books, diamonds, the saxophone and balls of steel.
But actually, Belgium consists of two very different "sub-nations"... defined by a clear border and each with their own people, lifestyle, language, culture, flag, anthem, media, etc.
And most importantly, their own government and their own political parties.
However, it is not a confederacy.![]()
FLANDERS
- the north
- population of 6.1 million
- people speak Dutch
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WALLONIA
- the south
- population of 3.4 million
- people speak French
Finance, social security, justice, defense and foreign affairs are still handled on a federal (Belgian) level.
HISTORY OF BELGIUM
Modern Flanders dates back to the 8th century.
It has always been a rich and powerful region, and from the 15th to the 18th century, it was part of The Netherlands (Belgica), with whom it conquered the world.
The Eighty Year's War (1566-1648) against the Spanish lead to the creation of the Spanish Netherlands (Belgium of today) and the Dutch Republic (Netherlands of today).
Under the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), following the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713), what was left of the Spanish Netherlands was ceded to Austria and thus became known as the Austrian Netherlands.
Then came Napoleon, who conquered Europe and annexed the entire Netherlands by 1794.
Napoleon was defeated in the legendary Battle of Waterloo (1815), which lead to the reunification of both Netherlands, with the House of Orange-Nassau ruling.
Unhappy with that, the many French inhabitants (of basically today's Wallonia) revolted and in 1830, Belgian separatists declared the independence of Belgium from the Netherlands. The Flemish provinces were subordinated by a Belgian army consisting mainly of volunteers from Wallonia.
This Belgian Revolution ultimately led to the creation of the present day Kingdom of Belgium.
Unfortunately for the Flemish, the government, politics, law, etc. were now all French and the Belgian establishment deemed it unnecessary to invest in Flanders.

A long article here. Summary:
Pro-Flemish activities and organizations were set up and by the 1850s, Flanders had a newspaper, and by the 1860s a political party.
In 1898, the Dutch language was allowed in Belgian juridical matters.
By the 1930s, Dutch was recognized for the first time as the sole language of Flanders.
During World War II, The Third Reich enacted laws to protect and encourage the Dutch language in Belgium.
In 1962, the Belgian provinces were divided between a Flemish-speaking community and a French-speaking community.
In 1980, separate governments were created for Flanders and Wallonia.
In 1995, the province of Brabant, surrounding Brussels, was split into a Flemish Brabant and a Walloon Brabant.
Today, only the city of Brussels and a handful towns around it, are disputed territory.
THE FLEMISH DEMANDS
1. History, language, culture.
2. Economy. Flanders always has been, and still is very rich. It has no public debt and is the richest region in the entire world.
The federal government of Belgium on the other hand has managed to accumulate the 3rd highest public debt in Europe.
And Flanders pays ~10 billion euro per year to Wallonia in "life support", which does very little to generate its own income (a good example is speed cameras, Flanders has over 1000, Wallonia less than 50).
3. Politics. Every single political issue in Belgium, on a federal level, results in a gray solution. Even though in most cases Flanders wants black and Wallonia wants white.
4. Less is more. Belgium currently has no less than six governments, which is absurd for such a small country and very costly.
- Belgium (federal)
- Flanders
- Wallonia
- Brussels
- the French Community (has power in Brussels)
- the German-speaking Community
THE WALLOON DEMANDS
1. Brussels.
Brussels is located in Flanders, is the capital of Flanders and has through history always been a Flemish city... So the Flemish parties think the idea is absurd. However, the majority of the population today speaks French.
The minimum demand of the Walloon parties is more Flemish territory so that Wallonia at least shares a border with Brussels.
IF BELGIUM SPLITS
In the scenario of a true split, there are a few scenarios...
Flanders:
a) fully independent Flanders (with or without Brussels)
Brussels:
a) city in Flanders
b) independent city-state, governed by the European Union
Wallonia
a) fully independent
b) joins France
c) some provinces join France, others Luxembourg
d) some provinces independent, some join Luxembourg and/or France

Even though we vote for the federal government, Flanders and Wallonia vote for different parties. A person living in Wallonia cannot vote for a Flemish party and vice versa, with the exception of those living in Brussels.
WHAT WE VOTE FOR ?
You'll have to vote twice. Once for the Chamber, once for the Senate.
You can't do anything wrong by voting for the the same party for both.
Chamber:
- control of the Federal Government
- control of the the budget and the State accounts
Senate:
- sole powers to settle conflicts of interest that may arise between the Federal Parliament and the Parliaments of the Communities and the Regions
both:
- approval of laws
- ratification of international conventions
- revision of the Constitution
- the introduction of candidates for the Court of Arbitration, the Court of Cassation and the Council of State (the Supreme Administrative Court)
For everything else, it is the Chamber that has the final say. The Senate is a forum for reflection and is therefore only expected to pronounce on draft laws or proposals if it considers it necessary. The Senate may also take the initiative in putting forward a proposal for a law.
WHO TO VOTE FOR ?
(percentages the latest estimates)
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In Flanders...
26% N-VA | Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie ("New-Flemish Alliance")
> right
> strongly in favor of an independent Flanders
16% CD&V | Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams ("Christian-Democratic and Flemish")
> democrats
> moderately in favor of a more autonomous Flanders
> wants a minimum career length instead of a minimum retirement age
16% SP.A | Sociale Partij Anders ("Socialist Party Different")
> socialists
> wants higher pensions
13% Open VLD | Open Vlaams Liberalen en Democraten ("Flemish Liberals and Democrats")
> liberal-democrats
> wants to abolish the senate
15% Vlaams Belang ("Flemish Interest")
> right
> strongly in favor of an independent Flanders
7% Groen! ("Green")
> left
> in favor of a capital gains tax
4% Lijst Dedecker ("List Dedecker")
> center-right, libertarian
> strongly in favor of a more autonomous Flanders
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In Wallonia...
30% PS | Parti Socialiste ("Socialist Party")
> socialists
> not in favor of a split, but thinks it's inevitable and would then be in favor of an independent Wallonia
20% MR | Mouvement Réformateur ("Reform Movement")
> right, liberal
>
18% Ecolo("Green")
> left
>
16% CDH | Centre démocrate humaniste ("Humanist democratic center")
> center-right
> strongly pro-Belgium
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The people in the German-speaking Community (a strip of territory we got from Germany after WWI) have a few unique parties, but they all work together with their Walloon equivalent.
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In Brussels (city) and a handful towns around it, people can vote for all parties.
There we go. Feel free to post corrections or suggestions.