That is what grinds my gears, Canada has some good programs to help startups but then when successful they (startups) move operations to the US
Of course. The us is easier to scale.
What should happen is a massive overhaul of government efficiency and a critical eye towards every regulation on the books. I believe in smart regulation, but it should be as limited as possible to achieve your objectives and the process of complying with it and other government mandates like permitting, zoning, etc should be very quick and painless.
It can take years to open up a small business in Canada. It should take days. If you want us to crush the US, that is how to do it. Don't discourage value and wealth creation unless absolutely necessary. Government processes should be online, automated, simple, easy and painless. That is worth investing almost any amount of money - forget makework infrastructure, THAT is smart fiscal spending.
For startup investments, startups that receive subsidies from the Canadian government are required to give the government an equity stake. Then subsidize tons of startups and discourage foreign ownership. It is a good investment over time for taxpayers.
For education, take a critical eye towards the needs of the future and overhaul education. We are stuck in the 19th century. We should be preparing students for the 21st. Programming classes in elementary school, mandatory entrepreneurship classes in junior high and force them all to start a revenue generating business as a school project.