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My attempt at an Evolution thread! OhgodwhatamIdoing.

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gohepcat

Banned
Mustaphadamus said:
However using it to explain the beginnings of life is no different than someone believing a higher power created life. Both take belief/faith, because there is no definitive proof to say one way or the other.

Wait what? Is this what how people are getting around believing in evolution?

Life on earth comes from a common ancestor. That is a pillar of evolution. You might as well not believe in it at all.
 
Mustaphadamus said:
great post. I agree in that I have no problem with evolutionary adaptation. That is something observable and we have seen that in our life time. Something as minute as skin becoming lighter in colder climates or darker in warmer ones. Hair changing under certain conditions etc. However using it to explain the beginnings of life is no different than someone believing a higher power created life. Both take belief/faith, because there is no definitive proof to say one way or the other.
Aside from the obvious part where I tell you that no biologist worth anything thinks they know what the origin of life is, that at best it's a bunch of ideas, I want you to imagine you're on your bathroom break at work, and when you come back to your desk, a sandwich is sitting on top of it. Co-worker A explains that another co-worker had an extra sandwich and left it there for you. Co-worker B explains that a leprechaun dropped it off.

Do you sit there and wring your hands because you're not sure how it got there because both explanations require a certain amount of faith? No, you don't, because that would be fucking stupid.
 

Kinitari

Black Canada Mafia
Mustaphadamus said:
great post. I agree in that I have no problem with evolutionary adaptation. That is something observable and we have seen that in our life time. Something as minute as skin becoming lighter in colder climates or darker in warmer ones. Hair changing under certain conditions etc. However using it to explain the beginnings of life is no different than someone believing a higher power created life. Both take belief/faith, because there is no definitive proof to say one way or the other.

Well... I wouldn't say they are anywhere on the same level. True that the absolute beginnings of life are still shrouded in mystery, but because of the ToE (theory of evolution) and findings in the field of biochemistry, Abiogenesis is currently the best answer we have to how life came about to be on this planet.

Not to be crass, but that's a lot better than the completely unfounded claim of some sort of deity intervening, which beyond some philosophical waxing, has nothing substantiating it.

edit: I am now home from work, so will start some more updating to the OP.
 

JGS

Banned
gohepcat said:
Huh? I don't understand this. You have a problem with the creation of the universe or the origin of live on earth?

I didn't realize people had an issue with this. Why would you have no problem with evolution but with the origin of life?
They're completely separate issues with separate probabilities of happening.

One can actually be science while one simply tries to use science to back up something completely and totally unsubstantiated and imo unlikely.

Annnddd....that's all I have to say about that.
 
damn so much atheism here.. so sad

tell me this "scientists"

1. why do whales have no feet if they could walk a few thousand years ago??

2. the sun, we go around it but how does it know HOW to feed plants like it does with light particles and molecules?

3. if a monkey throws a ball into the air, and catches it with two "hands", how does it know it's a ball?

4. if apples didnt grow on trees and you made a table with apples on the table how would you find the missing link inside the apple?
 

Kinitari

Black Canada Mafia
astroturfing said:
damn so much atheism here.. so sad

tell me this "scientists"

1. why do whales have no feet if they could walk a few thousand years ago??

2. the sun, we go around it but how does it know HOW to feed plants like it does with light particles and molecules?

3. if a monkey throws a ball into the air, and catches it with two "hands", how does it know it's a ball?

4. if apples didnt grow on trees and you made a table with apples on the table how would you find the missing link inside the apple?

Uh... are these serious questions, or are you Joshing me? It's hard to tell in this thread. If they're serious I'll do my best to answer each question.
 

Pandaman

Everything is moe to me
JGS said:
They're completely separate issues with separate probabilities of happening.

One can actually be science while one simply tries to use science to back up something completely and totally unsubstantiated and imo unlikely.

Annnddd....that's all I have to say about that.
...
you're not much better than a young earth creationist then.

Kinitari said:
Uh... are these serious questions, or are you Joshing me? It's hard to tell in this thread. If they're serious I'll do my best to answer each question.
he's joshing you.
for the love of all powerful atheismo i hope he's joshing you.
 

Madman

Member
JGS said:
They're completely separate issues with separate probabilities of happening.

One can actually be science while one simply tries to use science to back up something completely and totally unsubstantiated and imo unlikely.

Annnddd....that's all I have to say about that.
Ok then. How do you believe life started, if not by some form of scientifically explainable occurences?
 

BobDylan

Member
astroturfing said:
damn so much atheism here.. so sad

tell me this "scientists"

1. why do whales have no feet if they could walk a few thousand years ago??

2. the sun, we go around it but how does it know HOW to feed plants like it does with light particles and molecules?

3. if a monkey throws a ball into the air, and catches it with two "hands", how does it know it's a ball?

4. if apples didnt grow on trees and you made a table with apples on the table how would you find the missing link inside the apple?

interesting questions. im no scientist so clearly I cant answer such scientific questions like the ones you just asked :/
 

JGS

Banned
Madman said:
Ok then. How do you believe life started, if not by some form of scientifically explainable occurences?
Uhh, what's wrong with saying God did it?

It has at a minimum the same level of proof behind it as "scientifically explainable occurences".
 
Kinitari said:
Uh... are these serious questions, or are you Joshing me? It's hard to tell in this thread. If they're serious I'll do my best to answer each question.

it's hard to tell indeed.. so yea i'd like some answers.
 

JGS

Banned
Pandaman said:
...
you're not much better than a young earth creationist then.

Really? Why is that?

You mean that even though I believe the universe is billions of years old, that evolution exists, & science isn't the work of the devil, I am the same as a guy who believes the world and universe were created in seven 24 hour days and lived next to dinosaurs?

How very Puritanical of you.

And I'm the one that is close minded?:lol
 

Kinitari

Black Canada Mafia
astroturfing said:
it's hard to tell indeed.. so yea i'd like some answers.
... Alright.

astroturfing said:
damn so much atheism here.. so sad

tell me this "scientists"

1. why do whales have no feet if they could walk a few thousand years ago??

It wasn't a few thousand years ago, it was more like 50-55million years ago. Also, eventually if limbs become less and less useful (like feet for aquatic mammals), mutations that decrease the size of these limbs are not only harmless, they can be beneficial (reduced drag, makes it easier to chase down prey or to escape predators).

Simple as that.

2. the sun, we go around it but how does it know HOW to feed plants like it does with light particles and molecules?

Er, no - the sun doesn't do anything, photosynthesis (the process of turning sunlight into usable energy) is something that evolved in plants a very very very long time ago. If you want me to talk about the evolution of chlorophyll, I guess I can do that too.

3. if a monkey throws a ball into the air, and catches it with two "hands", how does it know it's a ball?

You will have to clarify this.

4. if apples didnt grow on trees and you made a table with apples on the table how would you find the missing link inside the apple?

You lost me at "If apples didn't grow on trees". What do you mean?
 

JonesFTW

Neo Member
i apologize in advance if op or somebody else already addressed this question and i didn't read it but,

how did birds evolve from a land/sea creature? I think wings would be a bad mutation for a land animal. they didn't grow huge ass wings in one day. I think wings or nubs soon to be wings would be a bad mutation. and that creature would die and wouldn't pass on it's mutation.
 

Mumei

Member
JGS said:
Uhh, what's wrong with saying God did it?

It has at a minimum the same level of proof behind it as "scientifically explainable occurences".

... How do they both have the same level of evidence?
 

Madman

Member
JGS said:
Uhh, what's wrong with saying God did it?

It has at a minimum the same level of proof behind it as "scientifically explainable occurences".
To your second part, no it doesn't. We have already manually formed RNA through processes like what would be in nature.

To your first part, the issue is the God answer can be applied to anything, like it has in the past. The sun rising and setting? God. A flood happened? God. Someone died? God. Life started on our planet? God. See the problem?
 
The monkey question is a philosophical question referring to whether we are in contact with the external world. There is no definitive criterion that exists to prove that.
 

Kinitari

Black Canada Mafia
JonesFTW said:
i apologize in advance if op or somebody else already addressed this question and i didn't read it but,

how did birds evolve from a land/sea creature? I think wings would be a bad mutation for a land animal. they didn't grow huge ass wings in one day. I think wings or nubs soon to be wings would be a bad mutation. and that creature would die and wouldn't pass on it's mutation.

Yay a good question!

Okay, so I don't know if you've heard - but it's pretty widely accepted now that birds are the modern day descendants of dinosaurs. First just looking at the skeletal structure, you can see the similarities.

birdcompl.gif


Going beyond that, feathers came from specialized scales, they would be good for wicking away moisture and keeping warm - just thinking about it, you can probably see the similarities, and a lot of Dinosaurs we thought to be covered in just regular reptile scales have actually been improperly represented - the velociraptor for example probably looked more like this:

velociraptor1_skrep.jpg


From there you got gliders, dinosaurs that glided - and I guess the rest is history.
 

JGS

Banned
Madman said:
To your second part, no it doesn't. We have already manually formed RNA through processes like what would be in nature.

To your first part, the issue is the God answer can be applied to anything, like it has in the past. The sun rising and setting? God. A flood happened? God. Someone died? God. Life started on our planet? God. See the problem?
This is deja vu. You disproved abiogenesis by your proof.

If God can be applied to anything (Which I don't do) that means I can use it right?
 

JonesFTW

Neo Member
Kinitari said:
Yay a good question!

Okay, so I don't know if you've heard - but it's pretty widely accepted now that birds are the modern day descendants of dinosaurs. First just looking at the skeletal structure, you can see the similarities.

birdcompl.gif


Going beyond that, feathers came from specialized scales, they would be good for wicking away moisture and keeping warm - just thinking about it, you can probably see the similarities, and a lot of Dinosaurs we thought to be covered in just regular reptile scales have actually been improperly represented - the velociraptor for example probably looked more like this:

velociraptor1_skrep.jpg


From there you got gliders, dinosaurs that glided - and I guess the rest is history.

well made post! thank you!
 

Mumei

Member
JGS said:
If God can be applied to anything (Which I don't do) that means I can use it right?

What does that have to do with anything? I could claim that a wizard did it to every possible real world phenomena you could name, but that wouldn't be valid, either.

Where is this evidence for "God did it" that you thinks makes it valid?
 

Madman

Member
JGS said:
This is deja vu. You disproved abiogenesis by your proof.

If God can be applied to anything (Which I don't do) that means I can use it right?
How? Finding out RNA can be made naturally is an important piece of the abiogenesis puzzle.

Sure, you can apply God to whatever you want. Just like it has been for thousands of years. And that is why simply answering God to a question is a bad idea. The God answer can and has been applied to almost anything.
 

JGS

Banned
Mumei said:
What does that have to do with anything? I could claim that a wizard did it to every possible real world phenomena you could name, but that wouldn't be valid, either.

Where is this evidence for "God did it" that you thinks makes it valid?
Where's your evidence it happened otherwise?:lol

What makes you think I need to verify anything to you if you can't extend the same courtesy? If you don't believe God did it, why would I care?
 

JonesFTW

Neo Member
all this theism/atheism talk. you all should major in philosophy as i am! [and become jobless!] jk double major, anyway

i have advice for everybody on this thread, take a bite out of humble pie. I ate the whole pie. And i just made one for you!
 

JGS

Banned
JonesFTW said:
all this theism/atheism talk. you all should major in philosophy as i am! [and become jobless!] jk double major, anyway

i have advice for everybody on this thread, take a bite out of humble pie. I ate the whole pie. And i just made one for you!
Yeah I'm partly messing up the thread and apologize.

I just figured it would turn to a religious slant and I wasn't wrong, but I'm assuming that's not the intent so I'll depart.
 

Pandaman

Everything is moe to me
JGS said:
Really? Why is that?

You mean that even though I believe the universe is billions of years old, that evolution exists, & science isn't the work of the devil, I am the same as a guy who believes the world and universe were created in seven 24 hour days and lived next to dinosaurs?

How very Puritanical of you.

And I'm the one that is close minded?:lol
yes you are, you share the creationist mindset that allows you to look away and prescribe god wherever you feel like it. That mindset is the problem, that mindset will always be the problem. It doesn't matter if you believe the earth is billions of years old, because you believe that out of personal convenience. when you want to shove your god in a gap, you still will.

lets face it, you only believe those things because you can't think of an excuse for them in your god centric worldview and you'd rather not be made fun of, you don't believe it because you acknowledge any value in the scientific method. I dont care that creationists have the age of the earth wrong. Lord Kelvin had the age wrong too, his number was also laughably distant from the truth but can you guess why i dont hold Kelvin in the same light as a creationist, despite both of them being wrong? Do you honestly think the issue science has with creationism is that they got some numbers wrong?

JGS said:
Where's your evidence it happened otherwise?:lol

What makes you think I need to verify anything to you if you can't extend the same courtesy? If you don't believe God did it, why would I care?
how convienent, you managed to prove my point while i was making it.
 

Dever

Banned
JGS said:
Agreed.

I think it has more to do with possibly a couple of things.

1. Evolution is almost always tied to origen of life theories even amongst evolutionists. No one can tell the difference. I have no problems with evolution. I have all kinds of problems with them telling me how life started. A lot of people do.

Not true. I've never seen evolution tied to abiogenesis, in my experience "evolutionists" stress the point the point that evolution is concerned with the diversity of life, not it's origin.
 

Lesath

Member
Kinitari said:
From there you got gliders, dinosaurs that glided - and I guess the rest is history.

Just to contribute, there's an emerging idea that wings primarily evolved to assist in incline running. This can actually be observed in young birds that are unable to fly, and yet use their wings to accomplish vertical running to great success.

The video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e81J915TEXg&feature=related

...and the paper:

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/299/5605/402
 

Trojita

Rapid Response Threadmaker
Dever said:
Not true. I've never seen evolution tied to abiogenesis, in my experience "evolutionists" stress the point the point that evolution is concerned with the diversity of life, not it's origin.

I see it all the time unfortunately. You must be lucky.
 

Madman

Member
JGS said:
Yeah I'm partly messing up the thread and apologize.

I just figured it would turn to a religious slant and I wasn't wrong, but I'm assuming that's not the intent so I'll depart.
I take it I won't be getting an explanation about how I disproved abiogenesis with my proof.
 

JonesFTW

Neo Member
JGS said:
Yeah I'm partly messing up the thread and apologize.

I just figured it would turn to a religious slant and I wasn't wrong, but I'm assuming that's not the intent so I'll depart.

no big deals. but i think the OP is going to go all richard dawkins on us and bring up the elephant in the room. but either way he/she did a great job explaining evolution!

"Coming Soon:"
"Common arguments against Evolution and how to refute them.
Something something Religion something something."

and hopefully you ate a slice of the humble pie. some people never get the appetite. im not anti-debate by any means but debating on the internet never works. if you are to debate do it in person. and do debate!

the cake is lie
the pie is not
 
Trojita said:
What does evolution have to do with a possible afterlife?
Evolution provides a natural explanation of how all the various plants and animals formed. It is an explanation that contradicts what is in religious texts. Yes, I know people like to paper-over the contradiction and say 'god may have used evolution' and blah blah blah. But that is nothing but rationalization . . . and it works for many people . . . perhaps most.

But if you are going to be really honest about it, evolution shows us that these holy books are filled with mythical stories created by desert people thousands of years ago. Either that, or god is a complete prankster who gives us a book with lies to us about how the world was created.

So the question I was answering was why some people don't accept evolution (thus, we'll ignore the people who reconcile the two). And the reason they don't is because that would mean their religion is a lie.
 

Seanspeed

Banned
JGS said:
Really? Why is that?

You mean that even though I believe the universe is billions of years old, that evolution exists, & science isn't the work of the devil, I am the same as a guy who believes the world and universe were created in seven 24 hour days and lived next to dinosaurs?
Do you read the Bible as if its some sort of holy scripture?

If so, then yes, you're just the same. Actually, you're simply a half-ass Christian who's trying to sit on the fence, when there's no fence at all, but a gigantic ocean sitting in between the two belief systems.

Science and religion aren't reconcilable, to put it simply.
 
Seanspeed said:
Do you read the Bible as if its some sort of holy scripture?

If so, then yes, you're just the same. Actually, you're simply a half-ass Christian who's trying to sit on the fence, when there's no fence at all, but a gigantic ocean sitting in between the two belief systems.

Science and religion aren't reconcilable, to put it simply.
That is a pretty harsh way to put it. But I agree with your final statement.

However, it seems that most people have found a way to reconcile the two. People are very good at deluding themselves. Or perhaps they just don't think about it. Or perhaps they don't really buy the religious view but they act like it because that is what everyone else does. Or perhaps they are hanging on just because of Pascal's wager. Who knows? But the majority of people are religious, so you can't call them all idiots.
 

Socreges

Banned
Mario said:
So, one of the things that has been really interesting to me about evolution is the simultaneous or co-dependent evolution of symbiotic systems. Sometimes used as an argument against evolution, symbiosis is actually considered by some a driving force behind evolution forcing faster change in organisms involved in symbiotic relationsips.

See:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiotic

"Symbiosis played a major role in the co-evolution of flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them. Many plants that are pollinated by insects, bats, or birds have highly specialized flowers modified to promote pollination by a specific pollinator that is also correspondingly adapted. The first flowering plants in the fossil record had relatively simple flowers. Adaptive speciation quickly gave rise to many diverse groups of plants, and, at the same time, corresponding speciation occurred in certain insect groups. Some groups of plants developed nectar and large sticky pollen, while insects evolved more specialized morphologies to access and collect these rich food sources. In some taxa of plants and insects the relationship has become dependent, where the plant species can only be pollinated by one species of insect."


For an example of how complicated symbiotic systems can become, see this short video

"Parasitic Mind Control"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGSUU3E9ZoM
And how about quorom sensing?

I love how that guy "Willy105" in the other thread repeatedly said how much he "loves science" and that the holes in science were actually responsible for him becoming religious, even as he demonstrated his complete lack of understanding. It almost sounded like he had convinced even himself.
 

Mario

Sidhe / PikPok
JonesFTW said:
i apologize in advance if op or somebody else already addressed this question and i didn't read it but,

how did birds evolve from a land/sea creature? I think wings would be a bad mutation for a land animal. they didn't grow huge ass wings in one day. I think wings or nubs soon to be wings would be a bad mutation. and that creature would die and wouldn't pass on it's mutation.

I'll add to the other posters great explanation that flight has actually evolved independently something like 4 different times.

Eyes/sight has evolved something like 40 times independently.
 

JesseZao

Member
Why we don't have flying humans yet?

ʇsʇɥʍʇbuʇɔظɹqʇsɯןddsɥʇɟןusdɹdqʇsɯɹɥʇʎɹʇsɥppɹɔɹɟsɹʎɟspusɥʇɹɟןddspʌʌɹsʌɥsʍظɥʇ
ʇɟןsʇpdʍʇusɥɔɹuɯɥɥʇʇʎʌןʇusɹʎuɟɔusqɥʇuʌןqsןʇsɯʎɥʇʎʇןqqɹdɯʇuɟuɯɹɟɹpɹpuʍןɟsɹʌuɔpɥʇɟן
ןɹɯɹɟbuɥʇuɯɹɟbuɥʇɯsssubqbuqbqɥʇuʇןʌuʌןqʎɥʇɟʇpɹbɟןןʎʇbʌʎɥʇsʞuɥʇpɹɥʇsɥʇuuʎɹʌ
 

Trojita

Rapid Response Threadmaker
speculawyer said:
Evolution provides a natural explanation of how all the various plants and animals formed. It is an explanation that contradicts what is in religious texts. Yes, I know people like to paper-over the contradiction and say 'god may have used evolution' and blah blah blah. But that is nothing but rationalization . . . and it works for many people . . . perhaps most.

But if you are going to be really honest about it, evolution shows us that these holy books are filled with mythical stories created by desert people thousands of years ago. Either that, or god is a complete prankster who gives us a book with lies to us about how the world was created.

So the question I was answering was why some people don't accept evolution (thus, we'll ignore the people who reconcile the two). And the reason they don't is because that would mean their religion is a lie.

If you are talking about the creation story in the old testament then I don't really see a problem. The creation story in Genesis was passed down orally before it was written down as a way to explain how the universe and life was created at the time. It was never meant to be taken literally. So were The Flood and Jonah and The Whale. I still don't see why evolution defrauds an existence of an afterlife since they are two different things altogether.

Seanspeed said:
Do you read the Bible as if its some sort of holy scripture?

If so, then yes, you're just the same. Actually, you're simply a half-ass Christian who's trying to sit on the fence, when there's no fence at all, but a gigantic ocean sitting in between the two belief systems.

Science and religion aren't reconcilable, to put it simply.

Wow, you're full of hate.
 

Socreges

Banned
Kinitari said:
Yay a good question!

Okay, so I don't know if you've heard - but it's pretty widely accepted now that birds are the modern day descendants of dinosaurs. First just looking at the skeletal structure, you can see the similarities.
Actually, new evidence might suggest that it's the reverse: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100209183335.htm

Pretty complicated family! Either way it stands that birds and dinosaurs are very closely related.
 

Mario

Sidhe / PikPok
JesseZao said:
Why we don't have flying humans yet?

My guess is that, overall, there is no environmental pressure which would favour such a development. Besides which we already use technologies which see us reap some of the benefits of flight (accessibility, travel, hunting etc), so mutations which actually moved us towards flight wouldn't generally be favoured in the future because they wouldn't provide a tangible improvement in "fitness".
 

Meesh

Member
Thank you Kinitari! Awesome OP, great thread.

I'm (re)writing a script (sci-fi) that deals with mutation, genetics, natural selection(if that's still the correct term) and happened upon some information while researching. I figured I'd just share it and maybe it'll interest you.

http://www.psrast.org/junkdna.htm

I was lead to believe that Junk DNA was...well I had no idea! lol But it had my attention, geneticists used to claim that 98% of our DNA was junk but now believe otherwise.

More than 98 percent of all DNA, was called "Junk DNA" by molecular biologists, because they were unable to ascribe any function to it. They assumed that it was just "molecular garbage". If it were "junk", the sequence of the "syllables", i.e. the nucleotides in DNA should be completely random.

However it has been found that the sequence of the syllables is not random at all and has a striking resemblance with the structure of human language. Therefore, scientists now generally believe that this DNA must contain some kind of coded information. But the code and its function is yet completely unknown.

In June 2004 a team at Harvard Medical School (HMS) reported, that they have, in a yeast, found a "Junk DNA" gene that regulates the activity of nearby genes. While common genes work by giving rise to proteins, this gene works by just being switched on. Then it blocks the activity of an adjacent gene.

Basically, some genes found within "Junk DNA" have given reason to suspect they regulate cell growth (in some cases mutation) as well as other genes adjacent to themselves. It's quite interesting that so far it sounds as though Junk DNA indicates some of it may be responsible for evolution. So really it's not junk, we just don't understand it yet.
 

Kinitari

Black Canada Mafia
Updated the OP with a few more things, religion seems like it will forever be brought into the discussion, so I guess rather than shying away from it, it's better to face it head on. If someone is religious and in disbelief of the validity of Evolution, please come and debate and discuss, we'll try to keep it civil.


Socreges said:
Actually, new evidence might suggest that it's the reverse: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100209183335.htm

Pretty complicated family! Either way it stands that birds and dinosaurs are very closely related.


Damn it Science! How am I supposed to keep up?
 

Meesh

Member
Kinitari said:
Updated the OP with a few more things, religion seems like it will forever be brought into the discussion, so I guess rather than shying away from it, it's better to face it head on. If someone is religious and in disbelief of the validity of Evolution, please come and debate and discuss, we'll try to keep it civil.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but I thought the reason for this thread would be well thought discussion, instead of pissing on each other. I mean, you can't expect not to have religion come into question with a thread like this, it's only natural.

To be quite fair, I was hoping some Gaffers would point out scriptures that would contradict the belief of evolution. If I'm to learn more about it, I'd like to know where religion erred, and which ones if possible.

Edit: Seriously a discussion. No shitting on anyone, just comparing notes, that's all.
 

Evolved1

make sure the pudding isn't too soggy but that just ruins everything
astroturfing said:
damn so much atheism here.. so sad

tell me this "scientists"

1. why do whales have no feet if they could walk a few thousand years ago??

I have to read the thread from the beginning... maybe someone addressed this already.

There is vestigial evidence of whale origins...

Talk Origins said:
Modern whales often retain rod-like vestiges of pelvic bones, femora, and tibiae, all embedded within the musculature of their body walls. These bones are more pronounced in earlier species and less pronounced in later species. As the example of Basilosaurus shows, whales of intermediate age have intermediate-sized vestigial pelves and rear limb bones.

(Basilosaurus not pictured -- image below is a modern whale)

whale.gif
 

Evolved1

make sure the pudding isn't too soggy but that just ruins everything
Also... I highly, highly, highly recommend potholer54's youtube channel for anyone with science questions. He covers most topics.

Highly recommended.

Sample video
 
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