This thread needs an update!
In general, the best way to stay safe is to have as little of your information exposed as necessary. Avoid creating many online accounts if you can and delete all your long dormant online accounts if you are no longer using them. For the ones you are using, make sure to be aware of the information you've already given.
My personal stance on privacy is it should be a two-way street. I don't mind giving some information to use a service if I know how that information is going to be used, by whom and I have the option to remove my information should I choose to stop using the service. What I don't like is the presumption of entitlement certain companies have to take and hold onto your information indefinitely while making it easily accessible to anyone yet at the same time making it very difficult to remove your information from their website or database. Uninvited solicitation is something that truly annoys me so I don't have a cavalier attitudes towards privacy.
How to remove yourself from ALL background check websites,
http://www.reddit.com/r/technology/comments/j1mit/how_to_remove_yourself_from_all_background_check/
How to easily delete your accounts and check on how to delete an account before you sign up for a website or service,
http://www.accountkiller.com/en/
How stop prescreened credit and insurance offers,
http://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0148-prescreened-credit-and-insurance-offers
How to get a free credit report,
http://www.fdic.gov/consumers/consumer/ccc/reporting.html
National Do Not Call Registry,
https://www.donotcall.gov/
Safe Browsing Tool WOT (Web of Trust)
https://www.mywot.com/
(I can't personally vouch for this privacy service, but I've heard good things...
https://www.safeshepherd.com/)
General rules for staying safe,
- Golden Rule for the internet: Nothing is really free! If you are ever uncertain of how a website or service is making money, chances are they are harvesting your personal information either to serve you more advertisements or to sell to a third party marketer.
- Always be weary of where your give out your personal information, what information they are asking from you and for what purpose. This also applies offline.
- Even if you are giving your information to someone you trust, if they write it down somewhere, make sure they keep it secure or shred that paper when they are done with it.
- Avoid going to shady websites. Generally, piracy and pornography websites are the worst offenders because they are giving you something for "free" but this can also apply to following random links and shortened or scrambled URLs. Chances are you don't really need the thing you are trying to download anyway so think twice before you download anything. Other shady websites are those offering to sell you something at "too good to be true" prices. If you can't find it on reputable website at a decent price be very wary.
- Avoid downloading and creating accounts with apps unnecessarily. Also, deleting an app doesn't mean your account is deleted! You usually have to contact them or log in on their website to delete your account. It's usually easier to delete your account and reclaim your information if you don't log in with your Facebook/Twitter/Google account so just keep that in mind when creating an account.
- Avoid installing unnecessary plugins, extensions and software.
While some of this applies to everyone, this post is mainly from a US perspective where privacy can be hit-or-miss depending on who you are dealing with and how much you personally care about it. Would be great if others from other countries could chime in with their perspective respective to their countries privacy laws.
Also, I don't know what the situation is with Anti-Virus software and password managers these days. MSE seems to have fallen out of favor immensely since Windows 8 came out. Hopefully someone with better knowledge about it can update the OP.
PS. Should be obvious at this point, but make sure the firewall on your computer is turned
on.