Sunster
Member
Just read this article and wow...I had no idea how widespread this was. I think of Japan as so advanced as a society but in the way they treat this issue they might as well be in the middle ages.
http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/03/sexual-assault-japan-girl-victim-170307101413024.html
Yayoi
http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/03/sexual-assault-japan-girl-victim-170307101413024.html
Sexual assault of schoolgirls is commonplace on Japan's public transportation, but now more girls are speaking out.
Tokyo, Japan - Tamaka Ogawa was about 10 years old when she was sexually assaulted for the first time. It was a public holiday and she was on the subway. A man standing behind her pulled down the band of her culottes and underwear, touched her bare bottom, then pressed himself against her. She recalls feeling shocked and physically sickened. When she reached home, she repeatedly washed the spot where he had pressed himself against her, although she was conscious of not spending too long in the toilet, in case her family noticed that something was wrong.
Some years later, on her first day of senior high school, she was groped on the commute home. After that, the groping and sexual assaults - men would often stick their hands inside her underwear - became a regular occurrence as she made her way to or from school in her uniform. Each time, she would run away, unsure of what to do.
"I thought of myself as a child," she reflects. "I could not understand that adults were excited by touching me."
"When I was in high school, every [girl] was a victim," says Ogawa. "[We] didn't think we could do anything about it."
"I hear many girls telling me that they have experienced men's hands under their skirt, and the groper's fingers in their vagina," Matsunaga says. "It is rape."
Men ejaculated on Ogawa's friends. Often, she says, the perpetrators put their hands inside her underwear. Many times, the abuse involved being penetrated by men's fingers
An intervention
Yayoi
Matsunaga began her Osaka-based organisation, Groping Prevention Activities Centre, in 2015 after her friend's daughter was regularly molested while taking the train to school.
In November 2015 she launched a crowdfunding campaign that attracted 334 donors and raised 2.12 million yen (about $19,000). Then, she ran a badge design crowdsourcing contest.
High school pupils, art school students, and freelance designers - many telling her it was the first time they'd thought about the issue - submitted 441 designs from which Matsunaga selected five. Her organisation gave away about 500 and three police stations handed out more. She now sells them online, for 410 yen ($3.70) each. From March, 11 department stores will stock them and she's aiming to secure more distributors near train stations.
The badges have had a direct effect. Data collected from 70 students at a high school in Saitama prefecture, just north of Tokyo, between April and December 2016, showed that 61.4 percent of respondents said they had not been touched since using the badges, while 4.3 percent reported no change.
'False accusations'
Convincing society that there's a problem is further complicated by a dominant narrative about men being falsely accused. Ogawa and others who write about sexual violence say much of the online backlash they receive comes from men who say this is the real problem.
"If we talk about sexual violence, especially if the topic is about groping, the main concern is about false accusation," Ogawa says.
"The media always blames the victims," explains Goto, who points to the fact that Japan's mainstream and social media is male-dominated.
Patriarchy
Many Japanese women say they stopped experiencing groping when they graduated from high school and no longer wore school uniforms.
"[It] never happened [again] since I took off my uniform," says 20-year-old Kotomi Araki, an economics undergraduate student and waitress, who says she was groped on crowded trains throughout high school.
When asked about the perception of schoolgirls, Araki and others refer to the archetype of "Lolita".
According to Goto, this idea is borrowed from the Russian American novelist Vladimir Nabokov, but in Japan is largely understood as a young girl who is "the image of obedience, subservience", and is reinforced in widely read manga.
Schoolgirls
This sexualisation of schoolgirls extends to themed bars in red-light districts and exploitative "JK cafes" (JK stands for joshi kosei or high school girl) where adult men pay to chat to teenage girls, have their fortunes told or have their ears cleaned. Manga pornography depicting schoolgirls is also widely and openly available. It was only in 2014 that Japan criminalised the possession of child pornography.
Within walking distance of Ikebukuro train station, among the lanes of restaurants, are a number of mostly unsigned JK cafes. One innocuous-looking sandwich board with pink bubble font, lists, with blue heart bullet points, the range of available services. There are also themed bars for male-only customers who pay about $200 an hour to grope the women working there.
One 38-year-old man, who declined to give his name, explains that he has been to these bars in Ikebukuro - paying 15,000 yen ($133) to enter - including a bar furnished to look like the inside of a subway carriage. Customers choose what kind of woman they'd like to grope - often, the choice is between someone dressed up like a schoolgirl or an office worker. He says he believes the women working there are over the age of 18.
"They [Japanese men] love cute, pure, young; that's what [they] find sexually attractive," he says.
Dissuaded from reporting
For older women who've experienced sexual assault, speaking out is just as hard.
Last year, Japan's labour ministry released findings from an unprecedented study, in which, of nearly 10,000 female respondents aged 25 to 44, almost one-third of women said they had been sexually harassed at work, with inappropriate touching being one of the most common problems. Fewer than 40 percent of women took action.
A 52-year-old woman, who did not want to disclose her name or workplace, explained that she was recently sexually assaulted by someone, whose face she did not see, at her workplace in Tokyo. When she reported the incident to her employers, she says they were sympathetic but deterred her from going to the police, telling her to think about the company's reputation and the trauma she would have to relive. She felt they simply did not want any trouble for the company.
Speaking up
Tabusa, the manga artist, is heartened that the problem is increasingly being talked about, but says, "I don't think there's enough discussion yet."
It needs to be taken seriously and more people need to be aware because the "groping victims are often children", she says.
Women also make light of the issue, she reflects. "People just think this happens every day, so they have to laugh about it."
When it comes to groping and sexual assault, Ogawa and Tabusa believe a real cultural shift will only come when more victims speak out.
"First of all, women have to talk about their experience and speak up," Ogawa says.
But at every turn, society tries to stop them.