Yes, there are several ARM releases of major linux distributions available for the pi but the two you can run easiest (with ready to burn images for an sd-card) are Raspbian and Ubuntu MATE.
Of these,
Raspbian is the de-facto and default desktop release but feels a little less like a desktop PC due to some of its quirks than you may like. Regardless, it's well maintained and pretty snappy. It's what I use because it's well maintained.
Ubuntu MATE is probably the distro that would fool you best with regards to being a real PC experience, aside from read/write speed issues. But it's as fast as Raspbian (faster according to some tests) and quite stable. It relies on Ubuntu repos, so that means if you go with an LTS release you won't get a well maintained distro, and the quarterly Ubuntu releases can be hit or miss.
Other distros like
Fedora and
openSUSE also have ARM distributions and are very good linux distributions overall but this will be more difficult than just burning an image onto an SD Card. Then there is Arch Linux which is pretty much hardcore, but
if you can set it up for ARM on a pi it would probably be the best of the lot. Don't try it if you're a linux newbie though.
I would also suggest
doing a search on distrowatch for linux distributions available for pi, and going through them one by one to see what you like best personally.