About a year ago I started to really warm up to the Western genre. John Ford is now one of my favourite directors. His movie Stagecoach introduced a lot of themes, elements and characters that have been adopted by many other Westerns that have come since. You'll be hard-pressed to find Westerns made between 1940 and, say, 1965 whose protagonist isn't some handsome, tough gunslinger who has an enigmatic past, probably a criminal one. The famous shot in Stagecoach where John Wayne swaggers towards the lens in the heat was the introduction of that character that has since become an archetype. His love interest in that movie was also someone with a past: a hooker who has, as they say, a heart of gold.
Clint Eastwood's Unforgiven uses the same characters. That movie is from 1992. I think it helps to be familiar with Western tropes if you want to fully appreciate McCabe & Mrs. Miller.
In McCabe & Mrs. Miller, the McCabe character is first introduced as someone who's rumoured to have killed a man. He's John Wayne. As the movie progresses, the validity of these rumours is put into question he's revealed not to be a bad-ass gun-totin' outlaw, but someone much more nuanced and complicated. But to put it simply, he's something of a loser.
And then there's Mrs. Miller, the hooker. According to the unwritten law of the Western, she's there solely to be swept away by the rugged manliness of McCabe. But she's much smarter than him and much more interested in the business McCabe is running and worries over him more than she loves him. Their relationship goes above and beyond the relationship in any other Western. What's great about the movie is how it subverts these familiar characters without being disrespectful or condescending to them; it gives them many extra dimensions and humanises them to a great degree.
There are other Western standards the movie subverts, sometimes even inverts. It's a Northern more than a Western and the town of Presbyterian Church is such a wonderfully realised place and its denizens so idiosyncratically affable and unique. And the 'shoot out' at the end is without any bravado. It's a cat and mouse, hide and seek game that, like most of the movie's elements, is utterly unique.
Another great thing about Westerns is that they're always reflections on the past of the USA. They depict an era of lawless budding societies and civilisation that we know will not last long, and the filmmakers know this as well. They know that whatever will emerge from this era will become the foundation of modern America. In John Ford's My Darling Clementine, the titular character is the only one who remains in the town. She's the only one who's truly peaceful, and she's the one who will build America.
In The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, arguably the deepest Western ever made and in my opinion the best 'pure' one, James Stewart plays someone who seeks to educate the people. First he's a schoolteacher, later he becomes a Senator. John Wayne plays John Wayne again, this time shown as even more conflicted than he was in The Searchers. He knows time has passed him by and hands the country over to James Stewart.
Sam Peckinpah utilised this theme as well, the whole "death of the old west" thing. In The Wild Bunch, the gunslingers ride their horses amid automobiles and are confused at what happens around them. They practically commit suicide by the end of the movie.
McCabe & Mrs. Miller also knows that the age of outlaws and cowboys is a transitory one, but it does something with this knowledge that is very different and clever. In other Westerns, violence and death make way for peace and prosperity. In McCabe they are replaced by a much more insidious kind of violence, embodied by the mining company. The lone gunman, or in this case the small, independent businessman, is eradicated by the forces of harsh capitalism. I could also go into the symbolic significance of the church being burnt down, but this is getting very long as it is.
These are somewhat impersonal reasons for liking the film, but it did strike a very personal note with me. I really like the relationship between the two eponymous characters. I like how McCabe craves for Mrs. Miller's love yet she remains distant. I like how Mrs. Miller tries to protect him from both himself and the powers that will crush him. She seems to know what will happen to McCabe in the end, which is perhaps what prevents her from getting closer to him. She's the strongest female character in any Western with the possible exception of Joan Crawford in Johnny Guitar. And I guess I very much identify with McCabe. I know I called him a loser earlier so this might not seem too confident on my part, but for what it's worth I find him to be a tragic, romantic and heroic loser
"I got poetry in me!"