Can you give me some examples of how the law will be applied?
See generally
Hobby Lobby v. Burwell. Other than that, do your own research.
You are fundamentally incorrect about this legislation and its intent, and to suggest otherwise is pedantic and best and malicious at worst.
Please explain the intent of this legislation and how it would be applied.
See above. Texas has its own Religious Freedom Restoration Act, codified in Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ch. 110. Cases applying the Texas RFRA seem like a good start for building the case you two feel entitled to assume is true.
EDIT: My responses above may have been a bit too dismissive. Give me a second and I'll give you both some examples of how the TRFRA has been applied in the past, which indicates how the new amendment might be applied in the future.
Barr v. City of Sinton is a Texas Supreme Court decision in which the Court overturned a Sinton ordinance which had made Barr's ministry to recently released prisoners illegal, holding that the ordinance violated the TRFRA.
In
Sanchez v. Saghian, a widow obtained an injunction against an autopsy of her deceased husband, claiming that such an autopsy would substantially burden her and her husband's sincere religious beliefs as Orthodox Jews. The Court of Appeals reversed, holding that, though the widow had provided evidence concerning the beliefs of Orthodox Jews, she did not provide evidence that such were
her beliefs.
In
A.H. v. Northside Independent School District, a federal district court applying the TRFRA refused to issue a preliminary injunction against a school's requirement that a student wear an ID badge.
In
A.A. v. Needville Independent School District, the federal 5th Circuit Court of Appeals, applying the TRFRA, affirmed a district court's permanent injunction overturning a school district's policy that prohibited A.A., a Native American student, from wearing his hair as his religious beliefs dictated.
In
Merced v. Kasson, the federal 5th Circuit Court of Appeals, applying the TRFRA, reversed a district court's summary judgment against a Santeria priest who claimed a local ordinance prohibiting animal sacrifices violated his rights under the TRFRA, holding, instead, that the ordinance substantially burdened his religious exercise, that there was no compelling interest in doing so, and that, if there were a compelling interest, the outright prohibition was not the least restrictive means of furthering it.
I hope that helps.