No. Everything between the front lens element and the subject is a loss of quality - though it may not be highly measurable, it is the case.
There are benefits to certain types of filter - ND filters and polarizers, for example. But a "UV filter" for the expressed purpose of "protecting" the lens? Snake oil.
The front elements of most lenses are super hard, anyway. Extremely scratch resistant. The rear element is the one you should be more protective of, and that's hardly an issue since it's always either capped or connected to the camera body.