SS3 has always been an unreachable, almost ridiculous goal to achieve, requiring otherworldly circumstances to achieve (Goku had to die and could barely maintain the form, Gotenks could only achieve it through Fusion, etc.) Its really extravagant appearance plays up this fact well.
SS2 has always been a forced upgrade of SS1. The "eats up energy" retcon is believable because the only time we ever saw SS2 was
A) Gohan fighting Cell, and then again in the world tournament, very briefly
B) Goku vs. Vegeta
C) Vegeta cheating via Majin transformation
All of them were one time fights, so it seems natural for them to not realize until later on that the form is actually not as efficient as they once thought when used for sustained periods of time. They also dedicated an entire training segment to showing that it's possible to make SS1 an effortless transformation when Goku and Gohan went on their relaxing spree before the Cell Games. And, if you think about it, Super Saiyan is only seen in DBS on a few occasions, all of which make sense for it to be used over SS2:
A) Gohan transforming, which is always anger induced and canonically not even required for him to power up since his potential was unlocked. It can also be argued that he transforms to make up for his lack of training, having lapsed from his peak and using the transformation to compensate for it. Why waste his energy on SS2 when he can effortlessly go SS1 with no consequences?
B) Goku and Vegeta using it for SSB. Again, if God Ki unlocks potential, you would no longer need to transform into a forced powered up state, which is what SS2 has always been. SSB would be a much more efficient form.
And then there's the fact that the one time Goku fights before unlocking his God Ki he does, in fact, resort to SS3. Narratively the reversion to using SS1 over SS2 or SS3 actually has an in-universe excuse to make perfect sense, even if it is a total retcon from the reader's perspective. Out of all the other ways DB awkwardly handles its lore, this is one of the more sensible alterations to the story that it's made.