Can non-EU students be eligible for BAföG? It's shortly mentioned in the OP but I didn't get whether you could actually apply for it.
Because during my studies, I got the maximum rate of BAföG which is 698€ per month straight to your bank account. Half of this is loaned without any interests to pay back, the other half is literally a donation to you. How much you actually get is measured from how much your parents make etc., whether they are able to support you enough or not.
Studying in Germany while living in one of the cheapest federal states, while getting BAföG and Kindergeld was a dream. Never had to take a job, not even once.
edit:
You'll only get BAföG during the number of semesters your studies are intended to be finished within. After that there are very generous student loans from the KfW for example.
BAföG is incredible when compared to american student loans.
I heard in the US students have to pay interest on their student loans, they can't default on it and they have to repay it fully.
BAföG has no interest rates and you only have to repay half of it, but its mostly intended for germans who need to support. I'm german and I can't get BAföG because my parents are able to support me. So its not something you can get easily.
The hurdles to get it quite high.
For international students its even harder to get it, even for EU citizens, you only get it if:
-one of your parents has german citizenship.
-you're married(or have been married) to a german citizen
-you have been granted asylum
-one of your parents has worked in germany for at least 3 years during the recent 6 years
-you have been working in germany for at least 5 years.
BAföG is basically one half free money and one half loan without interest, Germany wants to make sure that people who get it contributed in some form via taxes or have family members who contributed.
And as you said, you only get it for the expected study time. So if you can get your degree in 3 years, but you need 4 years, you only get BAföG for 3 years.
Overall it should be said for international students that you should make sure that you're living expenses are covered, even if you can't find a mini job or if you get sick(not that you have to pay for treatment, health insurance is mandatory, but you won't be able to work and mini jobs aren't required to pay you during sick leave(unlike normal jobs).
There are ways for international student to get financial support in germany, but thats mostly privately organized and not something you should count on.
For example, one-off financial support can be applied for from the catholic or the evangelical student community of the universities. At some universities there are also private societies that support international students.
Many Studentenwerke have access to emergency funds for international students or can help with a bridging loan. You can draw on the emergency fund in case of hardship; for example, if you momentarily cannot finance your cost of living during examinations or due to a longer period of illness. However, you do not have a legal claim to the money in the emergency fund. International students can borrow money at a reduced rate of interest from the loan association at the Studentenwerke.
http://www.internationale-studierende.de/en/prepare_your_studies/financing/financial_difficulties/