Racial ideas in the 19th Century
In Blumenbach days was the description of physical characteristics such as skin color and skull profile hand in hand with the interpretation of character traits, traits and intellectual abilities. Thus, for example, the light color and relatively high brow of the "Caucasian" considered a physical expression of a soaring spirit and generous temperament. The dark skin and the slightly sloping forehead "of the Ethiopians" were seen as evidence of a larger package genetic proximity to the primates, although the skin of chimpanzees and gorillas in the white hair than the average of the "Caucasian".
From Diversity in theory is Different valence. Supposedly higher, "culturally creative" races stood lower, "culturally destructive" towards breeds. In 19th and 20th Century, a number of competing theories of race developed (best known are those of Gobineau and Chamberlain)., All the Europeans looked at the forefront of human development It has been postulated that all fair-skinned Europeans, the "Caucasian", are descended from "Aryans". Such "racial union known" views served to the "Aryan" mystify a physically and mentally superior purity and intent on "master race" that had acted in history as the warrior aristocracy and cultural charm.
Of particular influence was in this context with Gobineau's Essai sur l'inégalité the races humaines (Essay on the Inequality of Human Races, 1853/55), in which he argued that the driving force of human history is the "race question." "Miscegenation", especially with "inferior races", in his words, leads to degeneration and destruction of "peoples" and "nations".
Connected were inspired by the romance racial ideas with ideas of a rigidly constructed and postulated dualism between males and females. [20], Sun claimed the founder of the theory of evolution and natural selection theory, Charles Darwin, with philosophical gesture that must be added to general that "in women formed the ability of intuition or the gift of quick wit and maybe more of imitation" is "as in man." And he added that "but some of these capabilities also characteristic of lower races" and that therefore as "an early and low level of civilization" should be considered. [21] An equally sharp constructed gender dualism found decades later input into the writing myth 20th Century, the Nazi "racial theorist" Alfred Rosenberg. [22]
The Hegelian dialectic of a historical world-spirit following represented the early socialist Moses Hess, temporary allies of Marx and Engels, in his book Rome and Jerusalem in 1862 a kind of messianism content of faith, started that with the philosophy of Spinoza and the French Revolution, a new world age , did after the French people went through the decapitation of his monarch broke the dominance of a "Germanic race". Hess differed according to different races in the history of the world, and held under the auspices of its ideological, secular "apocalyptic" thinking a "last race struggle" necessary, he postulated the priority as the class struggle. Hess for the different races, however, were not of different valencies, but each carrier of properties that are for humanity as a whole enriching. After a chaotic period of the "struggle for existence" they should at the "end of history" a relationship of solidarity living together as "members of the body of humanity" can be achieved without losing their respective characteristics. Translated from :
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