I recently completed "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien," a collection of over 300 letters written between 1910 and 1973. The collection has a somber tone. Early letters reflect Tolkien's youthful vibrancy and idealism, which fade following the deaths of his childhood friends in WWI, leading to a growing bitterness.
The 1940s letters stand out, written during the time he was creating most of "The Lord of the Rings." These letters reveal the challenges he faced, including the fears over his son Christopher’s safety during WWII. They depict a highly intelligent, articulate man, steadfast in his beliefs yet tinged with insecurity. Despite this, there is a playful and humorous side to some of his letters.
Tolkien's devout Catholicism profoundly influenced both his life and work. It shaped his moral outlook, the themes of good versus evil in his stories, and his belief in providence. He viewed his creative work as a reflection of divine creation, a concept he called sub-creation. His faith guided his personal decisions, relationships, and sense of duty. In his letters, he often discussed the significance of faith. Some of the best letters are with other Catholics in which he tries to reconcile the pagan elements of LotR with his faith.
A notable flaw in the collection is the scarcity of letters to his close friend, C.S. Lewis. There is only one, an unsent draft offering criticism of a Lewis book. More insight into their relationship would have been valuable, especially since it became strained towards the end. Tolkien expressed regret over their estrangement, and after Lewis's death, he likened it to an axe blow to the roots of a tree, acknowledging that he might not have finished "The Lord of the Rings" without Lewis.
From the 1960s onwards, the letters take on a more depressing tone. Tolkien appears increasingly unhappy, dealing with health issues and resenting the fame "The Lord of the Rings" brought him, especially the counterculture's embrace of his work and the sudden admiration from former colleagues who had previously mocked him. He viewed his fame as a hindrance to completing "The Silmarillion," leading to fear, panic, and eventually a grim acceptance that he wouldn't finish it. His writing became more direct and lifeless.