Just going to largely reuse my post from the TV cancellation thread, maybe change one or two things and mix up the order a little bit. I'll try to flesh out/improve descriptions and commentary a bit, which will probably make it a mega post. Hope someone actually bothers to read any of it

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1.
Tegenlicht (Backlight) (VPRO) - Dutch documentary series, this season again offering incredible quality and variety. It varies between offering a deeper look into issues that regularly come up in the news, like an episode this season about the battle between the various Arab 24-hour news channels, and a look at issues that don't come up at all, like an episode about the large scale purchase of farmland by foreign investors in African countries like South Sudan. It's also a show that dares to break taboos, like talking about the extremely close ties between the Netherlands and Israel, and the impact of that. For those interested, there are English language versions of some older episodes available on youtube. Two I would recommend are:
The Chicago Sessions - An episode from 2009 that explores the ethical implications of the financial crisis by having a discussion with ten promising Law and Philosophy students at the University of Chicago.
Quants: The Alchemists of Wall Street - An episode about the mathematicians and computer programmers who designed the financial products and systems major banks used in the run up to the crisis.
2.
Andere Tijden (Different Times) (NTR/VPRO) - A Dutch history show that often highlights lesser known 20th century history. Consistently excellent TV. It does, to use Mark Kermode's standards, what every good documentary does. It gets you interested in a subject you knew nothing about previously. An episode about the demise of the textile industry in the Netherlands for instance. It doesn't seem to be very interesting, but it was an absolutely fascinating watch. Sadly, I can't offer any links to English language versions of the show, because as far as I know, there aren't any.
3.
Human Planet (BBC)- Media in 2011, even more than in previous years, love to show only the bad side of humanity. Its destructive, selfish, greedy tendencies. They paint a sombre picture of humanity. Human Planet reminds us of the ingenuity of man, the beauty of daily life, our persistence, our ability to survive in even the harshest of environments. Critics may prefer the BBC's nature documentaries, but none of them amazed me like Human Planet did. Incredible tales like the
Mongolian nomads who hunt foxes by using their golden eagles and a
father in the Congo basin who faces angry bees at 40 metres high just to give his children honey. It never denies the impact humanity has on its environment, but it makes you hopeful that humanity will be fine in the end.
4.
Homeland (Showtime) - Thrilling and compelling from beginning to end. Absolutely incredible performances by Claire Danes in particular. I'm not sure if they'll be able to keep it this good for a second season (let alone beyond), but I'll certainly be tuning in again next season.
5.
QI (BBC) - It amazes me that after quite a number of seasons, they still manage to keep this show fresh and interesting. For those not familiar, QI (Quite Interesting) is a comedy panel show that asks rather obscure questions, with points awarded according to a system nobody really understands, but that at the very least rewards both correct and interesting answers, and penalizes panellists for giving obvious or joke answers. The concept may not sound very entertaining, watch videos like
this and
this. Not many shows that both make me laugh and where you actually might learn a thing or two.
6.
The Daily Show (Comedy Central) - Certainly it's been a year where the Daily Show writers haven't exactly had a shortage of good material to work with. It's therefore not surprising that The Daily Show is still as good as ever. They've done some absolutely hilarious segments. My favourite correspondent's segment this year has to be the one where
Aasif Mandvi goes to Canada to look into asbestos production. Both a hilarious segment, and it made me aware of an issue I didn't think still existed.
7.
Top Gear (UK) (BBC) - It goes without saying that Top Gear is a shadow of its former self, if it was as good as it was around season 9-10 it would have easily dominated this list. That said, it's still a good show with some excellent and memorable films this year. I particularly enjoyed
the film about disabled war veterans training for the Dakar Rally, as well as the film where they
test hot hatchbacks in Italy.
8.
Shameless (US) (Showtime) - I never saw the British original, so I have no idea how it compares, but I was surprised by how good this was. Especially the acting by Emmy Rossum and William H. Macy was particularly excellent. That said, it wasn't perfect. I thought the whole mess with Karen towards the end was a bit much and over the top.
9.
Boardwalk Empire (HBO) - A beautiful visual style, some fantastic acting by Steve Buscemi and Michael Shannon in particular and a good script bring to life a fascinating tale about greed, loyalty, values and so much more.
10.
America in Primetime (PBS) - A four part series on the evolution of primetime television in the United States. It's good not only because it highlights the changes in television by talking about different character archetypes in each episode, but also greater changes in American society that they reflect. It's told via interviews with writers, producers, network executives and actors coupled with footage from TV shows used as examples. My only real complaints are that I would have liked more differences in the guests between episodes, and that really, I just felt there is more they could have done with the concept than they did in the four episodes. The series is too short.