GEORGE WASHINGTON
The false image of Washington as a devout Christian was fabricated by Mason Locke Weems, a clergyman who also invented the cherry-tree fable and in 1800 published his Life of George Washington. Washington, a Deist and a Freemason, never once mentioned the name of Jesus Christ in any of his thousands of letters, and pointedly referred to divinity as It.
Whenever he (rarely) attended church, Washington always deliberately left before communion, demonstrating disbelief in Christianitys central ceremony.
JOHN ADAMS
Adams, a Unitarian inspired by the Enlightenment, fiercely opposed doctrines of supernaturalism or damnation, writing to Jefferson: I almost shudder at the thought of alluding to the most fatal example of the abuses of grief which the history of mankind has preserved the Cross. Consider what calamities that engine of grief has produced!
Adams realized how politically crucial and imperiled a secular state would be: The United States of America have exhibited, perhaps, the first example of governments erected on the simple principles of nature; and if men are now sufficiently enlightened to disabuse themselves of artifice, imposture, hypocrisy, and superstition, they will consider this event as an era in their history.
It will never be pretended that any persons employed in that service [forming the U.S. government] had interviews with the gods, or were in any degree under the influence of Heaven, more than those at work upon ships or houses, or laboring in merchandise or agriculture; it will forever be acknowledged that these governments were contrived merely by the use of reason and the senses.
Thirteen governments [of the original states] thus founded on the natural authority of the people alone, without a pretence of miracle or mystery
are a great point gained in favor of the rights of mankind (A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, 178788).
THOMAS JEFFERSON
Its a commonly stated error that U.S. law, based on English common law, is thus grounded in Judeo-Christian tradition.
Yet Jefferson (writing to Dr. Thomas Cooper, February 10, 1814 ) noted that common law is that system of law which was introduced by the Saxons on their settlement in England
about the middle of the fifth century. But Christianity was not introduced till the seventh century.
We may safely affirm (though contradicted by all the judges and writers on earth) that Christianity neither is, nor ever was a part of the common law.
Jefferson professed disbelief in the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus Christ, while respecting moral teachings by whomever might have been a historical Jesus. He cut up a Bible, assembling his own version: The whole history of these books [the Gospels] is so defective and doubtful, he wrote Adams (January 24, 1814), evidence that parts have proceeded from an extraordinary man; and that other parts are of the fabric of very inferior minds.
Scorning miracles, saints, salvation, damnation, and angelic presences, Jefferson embraced reason, materialism, and science. He challenged Patrick Henry, who wanted a Christian theocracy: [A]n amendment was proposed by inserting Jesus Christ, so that [the preamble] should read A departure from the plan of Jesus Christ, the holy author of our religion; the insertion was rejected by a great majority, in proof that they meant to comprehend, within the mantle of its protection, the Jew and the Gentile, the Christian and Mohammedan, the Hindoo and Infidel of every denomination (from Jeffersons Autobiography, referring to the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom).
The theme is consistent throughout Jefferson s prolific correspondence: Question with boldness even the existence of a God (letter to Peter Carr, August 10, 1787).
[The clergy] believe that any portion of power confided to me, will be exerted in opposition to their schemes. And they believe rightly: for I have sworn upon the altar of God, eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man (letter to Dr. Benjamin Rush, September 23, 1800).
I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which
thus[built] a wall of separation between church and state (letter to the Danbury [ Connecticut ] Baptist Association, January 1, 1802).
History, I believe, furnishes no example of a priest-ridden people maintaining a free civil government (letter to Alexander von Humboldt, December 6, 1813).
In every country and in every age, the priest has been hostile to liberty. He is always in alliance with the despot, abetting his abuses in return for protection to his own (letter to Horatio G. Spafford, March 17, 1814).
[W]hence arises the morality of the Atheist?
Their virtue, then, must have had some other foundation than the love of God (letter to Thomas Law, June 13, 1814).
