Are we talking post-Meiji Restoration here? Kenshin and Peacemaker Kurogane both take place around the restoration itself IIRC. Bakumatsu Kikansetsu Irohanihoheto (I think it's called Intrigue in the Bakumatsu in English?) took place right at the end of the Bakumatsu era as well.
If we're going a bit later, as in pre world war II, there's things like Senkou no Night Raid or Taisho Baseball Girls, but we're probably getting a bit close to WWII for that.
You're right that the Meiji era doesn't seem to hold much attraction for anime - or manga, even. I wonder why? It's not like it was an insignificant period in history or anything. I guess it's not as "cool".
Yeah, exactly; the Meiji era and post-Meiji. Specifically the regional disputes of Manchuria and parts of Korea and the changes of Japanese society from feudal to modern Japan. Major historical events like the French and Russian revolution intrigue me to no end. It'd be interested to see a Japanese Les Misérables.
I remember there's an anime (film) called Showa Monogatari, but that's I think in post-WWII Japan, and has nothing to do with politics.