Legend of Korra Book 4: Balance |OT| A Feast of Crows

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This may just be my limited experience coming through, but I always thought something like true lavabending would require multiple proficiencies. Because you're sort of also controlling fire, and then because it melts, you're also sorta controlling a fluid. Like you couldn't just stumble into this power unless you were like Korra and were naturally gifted at a ton of element bending. Seeing someone who only knows earthbending do it always feels strange to me.

But redirecting lightning like a waterbender makes sense, because learning to do it is imparting some knowledge of how waterbenders work.

That make sense? Probably not. I'm sure I'm missing some vital part of canon that says it's exactly what I'm saying it should be.
Iroh explains that he learned how to redirect lightning by watching the movements of waterbenders I believe.
 
I did reference it in an earlier post but I wanted to follow through, although it's in the literature context and not television. Which I was completely wrong about in terms of how much more hostile it is to said inclusions in the arena of children's cartoons: Greg Weisman of Young Justice on GLBT characters: “I also believe we have differently oriented characters in the series, even though we’re not allowed to mention it out loud. And just to be sure, I checked to see if we were allowed, and got a no answer. Everyone seems to want to get there, but we’re not there yet.” Relating to Adventure Time: In August of 2014, after a long controversy; Olivia Olson, the voice of Marceline, told a crowd of fans gathered at a Barnes & Noble book signing from The Adventure Time Encyclopedia, that, according to Pendleton Ward (creator of the series), Marceline and Princess Bubblegum had dated in the past, but that because the series airs in some areas where homosexual relationships are illegal, the show has not been able to officially make clear the relationship in the series itself.

I'm not trying to use this as 'evidence' for an argument, I just think the perspective is more important to include than my own. I also didn't intend for most of the sources to be gay men, I just was having trouble finding female authors talking about it.

Robin Talley: On characters who ‘just happen’ to be LGBT (or people of color, or disabled, or what have you)

If you’re writing the book well, your characters ― all of them ― will be multifaceted. Their race, background, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, religion, nationality, gender, and other factors will be among those facets, as will their sense of humor, their relationships with family members, their attitudes toward their school and their friends and their community, and everything else that makes up their lives.

But the thing is, unless the character lives in an alternate universe where the “other” aspect of their identity really is a complete non-issue (like in How to Ditch Your Fairy or Ash) then if you’re writing a realistic story about the character, sooner or later, that aspect of their life is going to come up. Maybe it doesn’t get much screen time, but it’s there. Think of the scene in Dramarama when Demi, the best friend character, tells Sadye, “I’m black. Don’t tell me you hadn’t noticed!” because she’s been tiptoeing around his race (and for that matter his sexual orientation) for the duration of their friendship. Sadye thought that by not mentioning it, she’s been doing him a favor, when really she’s just been doing herself a favor by avoiding having to think about the complicated stuff.

And yeah, sometimes a protagonist’s “other”-ness is so minor in their own perception that they forget it exists. The Explosionist is one of my favorite recent examples of this. Its main character has a disability which she mentions early on, then doesn’t mention for the next hundred-odd pages. So you, the reader, forget. Until she’s abruptly reminded, and so are you. Because eventually it does affect her life. She falls behind when she’s trying out outrun an adversary. Other people mention her limp, and it’s clear that they haven’t forgotten about it even if she has — and that wherever she goes, people notice. Her disability doesn’t define her life, or define her as a character, but it’s a part of her. She can’t ignore it. And as the story progresses, she, being very clever, thinks of ways to use it to her advantage.

And then there are books like Hero, which is about a kid discovering his superpowers and dealing with a complicated relationship with his dad. It’s also about a kid coming to terms with his gayness and making his first shot at a relationship. Does that mean the book is “about” his being gay?

Megan Rose Gedris: Writing Gay Characters

"Gay Characters" vs. "Characters Who Just Happen to Be Gay"
A distinction.

Consider the following paragraphs of fiction:

Scenario 1: Bert stood outside his commanding officer's door, hand hovering over it, unclear as to whether he should knock or not. He loved military life, up until his platoon mates had found the picture in his pack. The picture of Bert and Mike, and their daughter on vacation. Now he woke up every day to constant teasing, the words "fudgepacker" written on his forehead in permanent marker. Gays were allowed in Star Fleet, but very few wanted to be in it, and Bert was starting to see why...

Scenario 2: Bert stood on the cliff face, his breath stuck in his throat. Stepping out into a blitz of raygun fire he could do. Heights, not so much. He remembered going to the gym with his boyfriend and their daughter, and Mike had wanted to go on the rock climbing wall. Even fifty feet up, Bert had started to feel dizzy. Now, almost a mile up a cliff face with some prototype safety gear, there were no words to describe his fear...

So, can you see the difference? In scenario 1, Bert is a Gay Character. The conflict of the story revolves around him being gay. If Bert wasn't gay, there would be no story, or a much different one. In scenario 2, Bert is still gay, but he has a few other things on his mind. The plot doesn't revolve around Bert's gayness any more than a straight sci-fi militaryman's story would revolve around his straightness.

There's nothing wrong with either one. They both have their place, and different people enjoy different types of stories. But scenario 2 shows that you don't have to hollow out a gay little hole in your story to make room for gay characters. Characters can be gay without getting in the way of the story you want to write, and unless a character's straightness is pivotal to the plot, you can actually make any character gay.

You don't have to make a big deal out of it, either. In scenario 2, Bert didn't have a big coming out to get us to know he was gay. In fact, the word "gay" wasn't even used. It was just an offhand detail about Bert's life back at home, that gave relevance to his current situation. And that little offhand detail is going to mean a lot to any gay readers.


Tim Federle: Where Are the Teen-Lit Protagonists Who Just Happen to Be Gay?


Yes, young adult fiction does need good stories with good characters (who just happen to be gay), because it's a reflection of the world we live in. With the vast majority of Millennials supporting full equal rights for all, there are bound to be more and more kids for whom coming out may be a big day but maybe not the biggest. Perhaps someday it can even be just another day: National Great, You're Gay, That's Fantastic and We Love You, Now Pass the Remote Day.

I'm not suggesting that everyone's "growing up gay" story is as relatively pain-free as mine. Thank God (and Ellen) I wasn't kicked out of the house when I came out, ending up as one of the 20 to 40 percent of homeless youth who are gay. And I can't imagine being back on the schoolyard, in one of the 32 states with laws that don't protect kids from bullying. We have brilliant voices for helping us tell difficult stories: author Sherman Alexie "writes in blood" to give "weapons" to kids living in a difficult, confusing world; Lauren Myracle's book Shine was just nominated for a National Book Award (or not?) for a story that centers around a gay teen's beating. The horrors and just-plain-queasiness of being "different" need to be catalogued, and they are.

But when I set out to write my first book for teenagers, I wanted to show another side of growing up gay, where you're less tortured about the world than you are just generally curious about it. Am I ever going to make it through Algebra? Will my parents stay together? Does anyone else notice how adorable the substitute teacher looks in those chinos? These are also the trials and tribulations of gay teens. All teens, for that matter.

'Boy Meets Boy' Author David Levithan On LGBT Books For The Young

AP: Are LGBTQ kids and teens fairly represented in books for those age groups? Are there enough stories where LGBTQ themes are taken on but also books that just happen to include such characters but are not about that experience?

Levithan: There is constantly a need for diversity within the representations. It's just as limiting to say there's only one kind of gay story, just as it's limiting to say there's only one kind of straight one. As for how much being gay is central to the character's identity or story — as in life that totally depends on who the character is and what he or she is going through.

The important thing is for the characters to feel real, and to be given the humanity they are due. That granting of humanity is what separates a full portrait from a stereotype.

I think it's dangerous to talk about 'Oh, that character just happens to be gay' as some kind of goal for us and our literature. The important thing is to show as much of the spectrum as possible, and to continue to investigate it.

Interview: Jake Myler, Co-creator of the Graphic Novel 'Orphan Blade'

Q: You've spoken in the past about the importance your writer placed on not having had a book like Orphan Blade as a teen. Often gay characters in fiction skew older or exist in the explicit realm in depictions of sexuality. How important is it for teenage readers to have a character whom they can identify with. Hand holding, crushes, perhaps some kissing or fighting hordes of blighted creatures - you know the stuff any teenager is preoccupied with?

A: Both my writer Nick and I agreed that if you're a kid growing up who is gay-or a minority or female or someone who has a disability - you mostly only get to see and read stories about straight white boys being the heroes. On some level you internalize those stories and feel a little like being a straight white boy is the only normal way to be and that perhaps, by not being that, you're not normal. That you're not welcome to be the star in a heroic story. Being able to see yourself in stuff is really important.

Teenage years are difficult for everyone. If media only shows you stereotypes - or like you mentioned more sexualized adult orientated stories - it makes it really hard to find guidance or relatability. But I think there's a lot of room for a story where a character just happens to be gay, but like his or her hetero counterparts, things perhaps never go beyond a second glance or a blush, or holding hands. It doesn't need to be a big deal that the character is gay, but it can be part of that character's makeup just the same. Things like that can help kids out there feel normal, feel human, and most importantly, envision themselves as the hero.
 
Right, but where does lavabending come from? How does that work? Do lavabenders learn from firebenders and waterbenders?
That never got explained. Most of the people that have done it were actual avatars. So Ghazan just randomly doing it is weird along with Bolin picking it up. I know the lave bending form that Ghazan uses consists of a lot more fluid motions, but that's all I know.
 
This may just be my limited experience coming through, but I always thought something like true lavabending would require multiple proficiencies. Because you're sort of also controlling fire, and then because it melts, you're also sorta controlling a fluid. Like you couldn't just stumble into this power unless you were like Korra and were naturally gifted at a ton of element bending. Seeing someone who only knows earthbending do it always feels strange to me.

But redirecting lightning like a waterbender makes sense, because learning to do it is imparting some knowledge of how waterbenders work.

That make sense? Probably not. I'm sure I'm missing some vital part of canon that says it's exactly what I'm saying it should be.

That's more or less where I landed with it, too.
In my mind, it's a mutation brought on by Bolin having both Earth and Firebender blood.
Lavabending isn't *unheard of,* apparently. When Suyin learns Bolin just unlocked Lavabending, her reaction is "Wow, that's extremely rare!" rather than "What the what?"
Though I guess you could make an argument that Bolin's extremely familiar with Firebending forms, since he's professionally bent alongside his brother for so long.

I guess this kind of thing is just interesting to me, as the mechanic of "powers" in fictional universes has always been something that's fascinated me.
My favorite parts of any work are typically when the characters are just learning their abilities and figuring out their applications and limits.
 
Overthinking these things seems like a bad idea to me, but lava could be created by compressing the rock rather than heating it.
 
I was just hit with a horrible feeling of futility, knowing all these questions will be irrelevant for the rest of history in about twelve hours.

It's the apocalypse of Avatar. After the final frame, everyone's dead.


Overthinking these things seems like a bad idea to me, but lava could be created by compressing the rock rather than heating it.

It's no more overthinking than what they did for lightning. They thought about where it came from, what mindset is needed, and how it played out. Gave it a bit of reality. Good world-building.
 
It seems pretty straight forward, you heat up the rocks by moving them really quickly/ vibrating them.

But then there's a ton of heat. Is it just like controlling flaming rocks at that point? Like someone lit a rock on fire and you're just flinging it around? That's super old school, like how benders were back in Beginnings.
 
It seems pretty straight forward, you heat up the rocks by moving them really quickly/ vibrating them.

I feel like if it were that simple, an Earthbender would have discovered it a lot sooner.
Also, that'd mean there'd be a basic theory toit that any Earthbender could try to pick up on, instead of it being an innate ability that you either have the aptitude for or not.

Overthinking these things seems like a bad idea to me, but lava could be created by compressing the rock rather than heating it.

Aang compressed Earth pretty hard during the fight with Ozai, and that didn't make lava. I mean, he was the Avatar, though, and at the pinnacle of bending ability at the time, so really,he could have done whatever he wanted.
But, if Lava bending comes from compression, and Aang didn't create lava, that implies that Earthbenders have a degree of "temperature control" over their medium just the same, like Waterbenders and creating ice.
 
I feel like if it were that simple, an Earthbender would have discovered it a lot sooner.
Also, that'd mean there'd be a basic theory toit that any Earthbender could try to pick up on, instead of it being an innate ability that you either have the aptitude for or not.



Aang compressed Earth pretty hard during the fight with Ozai, and that didn't make lava. I mean, he was the Avatar, though, and at the pinnacle of bending ability at the time, so really,he could have done whatever he wanted.
But, if Lava bending comes from compression, and Aang didn't create lava, that implies that Earthbenders have a degree of "temperature control" over their medium just the same, like Waterbenders and creating ice.

Eh. I mean, you could argue that as writers, they should have SOME logic to the fantasy world they have created. That's fine. I've always argued that, in a story like Avatar where magic has infinite possibilities, there is a lot of things that COULD happen, that would easily break the entire world.

So I almost feel like, you can't apply realism to this sort of thing. But if you did want to argue that Lava Bending is too silly, I guess? I would say, lava bending being rare, is what is silly. That lava should have been a natural extension to earth bending, and something most earth benders knew how to do.

There is almost like, self imposed rules. Or self imposed limitations to things that the writers do (making certain things rare just for the sake of not making bending OP).

Like Blood bending shouldn't even be rare. If you can bend water, then you should be able to bend the liquid in people's bodies. That should just be like a basic thing. But if water benders all did this, then suddenly it can break the world. Imagine what Air benders could do, if they actually did what they should be able to do with air bending. Sucking the air out of an area in an instant. lol
 
You could have an entire evil group of waterbenders who instantly kill people by blasting all their blood from their bodies or freezing it in their veins in an instant.

Imagine the wars. People being set on fire, crushed into flat objects with earth, dissolved into sand and bone by waterbenders.

Maybe those wars did at one point happen, but it got so brutal that all sides decided to stop before they wiped themselves from existence.

But then you'd have to ask, "so there must've been a special group for each nation that exists just to safeguard all this evil shit from happening"

Of course, we're talking about zero limitations on censorship here, and worldbuilding from that presumption. And in that case it's not really Avatar, because that world was made with Nickelodeon in mind.
 
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im going to use this every time I am joking with someone
 
You could have an entire evil group of waterbenders who instantly kill people by blasting all their blood from their bodies or freezing it in their veins in an instant.

Imagine the wars. People being set on fire, crushed into flat objects with earth, dissolved into sand and bone by waterbenders.

Maybe those wars did at one point happen, but it got so brutal that all sides decided to stop before they wiped themselves from existence.

But then you'd have to ask, "so there must've been a special group for each nation that exists just to safeguard all this evil shit from happening"

Of course, we're talking about zero limitations on censorship here, and worldbuilding from that presumption. And in that case it's not really Avatar, because that world was made with Nickelodeon in mind.

Yeah. And that's really the problem. You almost just have to accept, that logic can't work in this kind of story. And that there are certain things that COULD be done, but won't because it would break things. Basically self imposed limitations from the god hand (Aka the writers).
 
Eh. I mean, you could argue that as writers, they should have SOME logic to the fantasy world they have created. That's fine. I've always argued that, in a story like Avatar where magic has infinite possibilities, there is a lot of things that COULD happen, that would easily break the entire world.

So I almost feel like, you can't apply realism to this sort of thing. But if you did want to argue that Lava Bending is too silly, I guess? I would say, lava bending being rare, is what is silly. That lava should have been a natural extension to earth bending, and something most earth benders knew how to do.

There is almost like, self imposed rules. Or self imposed limitations to things that the writers do (making certain things rare just for the sake of not making bending OP).

Like Blood bending shouldn't even be rare. If you can bend water, then you should be able to bend the liquid in people's bodies. That should just be like a basic thing. But if water benders all did this, then suddenly it can break the world. Imagine what Air benders could do, if they actually did what they should be able to do with air bending. Sucking the air out of an area in an instant. lol

My theory on why Bloodbending is rare is my same theory as to why Zaheer didn't just go around effortlessly suffocating everybody that got in his way.
I think it takes an insane degree of control and concentration to bend something that's not in your line of sight.
Note how, when Zaheer murders the Earth Queen, he's doing a long series of controlled and elaborate motions for what seems to be, really, a pretty minor display of Airbending.

This theory also has the benefit of making Toph pretty much the most amazing non-Avatar bender in history.

PS: Why doesn't Korra care about learning Lavabending?
It bothered me since Toph invented Metalbending way back in ATLA and Aang didn't immediately ask her to teach it to him.
It's *literally* the Avatar's duty to master all forms of bending, and yet Aang's just sort of like "A brand new school of bending!? ... Huh."
When Suyin sort of called Korra out on not learning Metalbending I actually said out loud to the TV "Thank you! Finally!"
But then Lavabending was introduced and we were right back to Korra not even *thinking* about whether or not she could learn it.
It felt even more egregious to me since Korra's *all about* bending, and has the perfect mindset for wanting to learn "tough" and "combat-oriented" bending like Metal and Lava.
At least with Aang I can go with the theory that he just wasn't a very good Metalbender, since basic Earth was hard for him to pick up in the first place, and Metal is a ridiculous degree more difficult.
 
I feel like if it were that simple, an Earthbender would have discovered it a lot sooner.
Also, that'd mean there'd be a basic theory toit that any Earthbender could try to pick up on, instead of it being an innate ability that you either have the aptitude for or not.



Aang compressed Earth pretty hard during the fight with Ozai, and that didn't make lava. I mean, he was the Avatar, though, and at the pinnacle of bending ability at the time, so really,he could have done whatever he wanted.
But, if Lava bending comes from compression, and Aang didn't create lava, that implies that Earthbenders have a degree of "temperature control" over their medium just the same, like Waterbenders and creating ice.

I think you're making some leaps here that aren't really justified. First, it would take an immense amount of compression to cause a phase change in rock. Well above and beyond simply mashing rocks together. You'd pretty clearly need to be both very 'strong' and intending to do it to make it happen.

And second, Aang was a prodigy at airbending and showed great skill at firebending as well, but he was not by any means the pinnacle of earth bending at the time (Toph was). He wasn't even really that good at it, even after he became competent. Except maybe in the avatar state, but then presumably he'd need to want to for some reason. Even now they haven't shown it as being any kind of a panacea, so it's not like it would have been a decisive tool for victory.

Anyways, this idea that if someone can do a physical thing now must mean it was always something people were capable of is silly. Just look at generational jumps in track and field sports to see how even basic stuff like running and swimming can be improved over time to a huge degree. Fairly average competitors in track can now outrun olympic winners from like 50 years ago.
 
I feel like if it were that simple, an Earthbender would have discovered it a lot sooner.
Also, that'd mean there'd be a basic theory toit that any Earthbender could try to pick up on, instead of it being an innate ability that you either have the aptitude for or not.

Yeah, but you could argue metalbending should have been found much quicker as well. I mean, how in thousands of years, has no one discovered a) radar sense before Toph and b) that metal is refined earth, and thus could have impurities? I mean, how? And then on top of that the first person to find it is a 12 year old blind girl?

Still, my only gripe with Book 3 was and forever will be, lavabending.
 
Yes, but Usain Bolt didn't suddenly see a guy running fast and go, "oh, hey, now I'm fast too." He had to train, he had to work super hard to be the absolute best, even with his natural gift. There's an explanation for why a guy like that exists and why he's better than everyone else who's come before.
 
My theory on why Bloodbending is rare is my same theory as to why Zaheer didn't just go around effortlessly suffocating everybody that got in his way.
I think it takes an insane degree of control and concentration to bend something that's not in your line of sight.
Note how, when Zaheer murders the Earth Queen, he's doing a long series of controlled and elaborate motions for what seems to be, really, a pretty minor display of Airbending.

This theory also has the benefit of making Toph pretty much the most amazing non-Avatar bender in history.

Hmm. Okay.

Well in the case of Aang using a lot of force, maybe it requires a different kind of force. Like a specific focus of concentration and energy to make the rocks turn to lava. Why is it so far fetched to apply that logic to lava bending? You accept that explanation for other things, that seem like basic things (that could be done) but aren't. And if we are going with, it takes a lot of concentration and skill, I don't see why that can't also apply to Lava bending.
 
Yes, but Usain Bolt didn't suddenly see a guy running fast and go, "oh, hey, now I'm fast too." He had to train, he had to work super hard to be the absolute best, even with his natural gift. There's an explanation for why a guy like that exists and why he's better than everyone else who's come before.

But Usain Bolt is as much a product of modern training and running technique as any other runner. He is building on the same platform as all the others. Another runner from the same era can look at how Usain Bolt trains and how he runs and have a greater understanding of how he achieved it than someone from 1950 would, because they're starting from the same place. They can improve their own running to a greater degree than that 1950s person would be able to.

And in a couple of decades even an average runner will probably be doing what Usain Bolt does now. That's the more important point here.

Iroh, Hama, Toph, and Ghazan had to work hard to achieve their specialized bending, but people who follow on from them will obviously have to work less hard for that breakthrough.
 
But Usain Bolt is as much a product of modern training and running technique as any other runner.

That's part of my point. He has new kinds of training, all sorts of analysis and exercise and diet. There's a reason he is so good.

Meanwhile, lavabending comes out of absolutely nowhere. What were people building on there? The Avatar? But people aren't the Avatar, no one but the Avatar can master all four elements.
 
No, we're discussing the hypotheticals of an imaginary story that will cease to matter the next time the sun rises. Might as well get in some talk about how it works before it's dead.
 
Who in their right mind would argue that Aang was white? There's nothing Anglo about any character in the avatarverse.

You would think so but I've come across quite a few posts assuming that the pale skinned people in Avatar = Anglo.

These are the same people that think all the people in anime are white. Despite having names like "Yagami" and "Makoto" and living in friggin' Japan.

There's also inherent tensions between creating characters who "just happen to be X" and creating "X Characters" or "Characters who are X". There's certainly strong reasons to go after the former in terms of trying to normalize depictions in media content, to get something across rather than nothing. But the ideal should be to go beyond that; truly normalized depictions means inclusion of all the normal struggles and issues that people actually face. Race, gender, and orientation are more important than superficial characteristics like hair color or body shape. If your character can just be flipped between white and black, male and female, gay and straight, I don't think that's a particularly well-written character, and the trait seems thrown on rather than an intrinsic part of who they are. But I also understand that those kinds of "just happens to be" characters may be an important stepping stone to getting towards a better future.

This is definitely true but since this is a fantasy setting the character's live in a world where factors like race, gender, and orientation are treated differently.

I doubt sexuality is seen as a huge factor in the Avatarverse either.
 
i read the last three pages of this thread and you people have fucking lost it

They kind of lost it, when they were arguing about Canon for like 4 pages.

Kind of sad that this series went out on such a limp note. This whole season. I feel like, so many fans have lost interest, and are just getting this out of the way, like as an obligation. So they want to watch the finale, so they can be done with the show and move on.

Bryke, you dun goofed.
 
i read the last three pages of this thread and you people have fucking lost it
You want "lost it" you should've read my posts that got deleted...pure uncalled for gold.
You would think so but I've come across quite a few posts assuming that the pale skinned people in Avatar = Anglo.

These are the same people that think all the people in anime are white. Despite having names like "Yagami" and "Makoto" and living in friggin' Japan.
My god some people are stupid.
 
That's part of my point. He has new kinds of training, all sorts of analysis and exercise and diet. There's a reason he is so good.

Meanwhile, lavabending comes out of absolutely nowhere. What were people building on there? The Avatar? But people aren't the Avatar, no one but the Avatar can master all four elements.

Someone summon Ghazan's ghost.

We demand answers.
 
Probably see them as white tbh. Because of Anime's style I imagine these kinds of people view it as Caucasian people.
But the entire casts of those games have Japanese names. They're always in Shinjuku...damn if that's really what people think. No wonder why the Yakuza games barely sell.
 
That was crazy, simply for... how strange it got.

We're just talkin' 'bout bendin'.

i read the last three pages of this thread and you people have fucking lost it

They kind of lost it, when they were arguing about Canon for like 4 pages.

Kind of sad that this series went out on such a limp note. This whole season. I feel like, so many fans have lost interest, and are just getting this out of the way, like as an obligation. So they want to watch the finale, so they can be done with the show and move on.

Bryke, you dun goofed.

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The episode will come up at 5am UK time. I'm on my Christmas holiday so I could try staying up, but I would likely end up dozing off long before than anyway lol
 
Yes. It's so terrible.

Well, I think part of what might be going on here is that anime characters are so simple, that like a smiley face, people project themselves onto it.

Like the guy in my avatar could be a black dude. There's no way you could know.
 
Well, I think part of what might be going on here is that anime characters are so simple, that like a smiley face, people project themselves onto it.

Like the guy in my avatar could be a black dude. There's no way you could know.

It all ties back into semiotics people, you gotta believe me! No but seriously it does.

Quick googling can bring up essays about this.

The Face of the Other

By Matt Thorn

I have given presentations on manga to Western audiences many times, but regardless of the particular themes of my talks, when the floor is opened up for discussion I am invariably asked the same question: “Why do all the characters look Caucasian?” You may have asked yourself the same question.

I answer that question with a question of my own: “Why do you think they look Caucasian?” “Because of the round eyes,” or the “blonde hair,” is the common response. When I ask then if the questioner actually knows anyone, “Caucasian” or otherwise, who really looks anything like these highly stylized cartoons, the response may be, “Well, they look more Caucasian than Asian.” Considering the wide range of variation in the features of persons of both European and East Asian descent, and the fact that these line drawings fall nowhere remotely within that range, it seems odd to claim that such cartoons look “more like” one people than another, but I hope you will see by now that what is being discussed has nothing to do with objective anatomical reality, but is rather about signification.

A key concept in semiotics is that of “markedness” and “unmarkedness,” elaborated by linguist Roman Jakobson in the 1930s. An “unmarked” category is one that is taken for granted, that is so obvious to both speaker and listener it needs no marking. A “marked” category, by contrast, is one that is seen as deviating from the norm, and therefore requires marking. Well-known examples in English are the words “man” and “woman.” “Man” has for a millennium meant both “human being” and “adult male human being.” The word “woman” comes from a compound meaning “wife-man,” and denotes the relationship of the signified to that “unmarked” category, “man.”

In the case of cartooning, of course, we are dealing with drawn representations rather than words, but the concept of “marked/unmarked” is every bit as salient. In the case of the U.S., and indeed the entire European-dominated world, the unmarked category in drawn representations would be the face of the European. The European face is, as it were, the default face. Draw a circle, add two dots for eyes and a line for a mouth, and you have, in the European sphere, a European face. (More specifically, you would have a male European face. The addition of eyelashes would make it female.) Non-Europeans, however, must be marked in drawn or painted representations, just as they commonly are in daily conversation (e.g., “I have this Black friend who...”).

....


Japan, however, is not and never has been a European-dominated society. The Japanese are not Other within their own borders, and therefore drawn (or painted or sculpted) representations of, by and for Japanese do not, as a rule, include stereotyped racial markers. A circle with two dots for eyes and a line for a mouth is, by default, Japanese.

It should come as no surprise, then, that Japanese readers should have no trouble accepting the stylized characters in manga, with their small jaws, all but nonexistent noses, and famously enormous eyes as “Japanese.” Unless the characters are clearly identified as foreign, Japanese readers see them as Japanese, and it would never occur to most readers that they might be otherwise, regardless of whether non-Japanese observers think the characters look Japanese or not.

When non-Japanese characters appear in a manga in which most characters are Japanese, that character will be differentiated from the others with stereotyped racial markers of some kind. For example, a character of African descent may be shown with pronounced lips, frizzy hair, and shaded skin. A European character may be shown with a pronounced nose and jutting jaw.
 
Well, I think part of what might be going on here is that anime characters are so simple, that like a smiley face, people project themselves onto it.

Like the guy in my avatar could be a black dude. There's no way you could know.
Pretty much. Even when characters are supposed to be explicitly white or Japanese, there isn't much to indicate it in anime. Just by facial design alone, I wouldn't be able to tell which Code Geass characters are Japanese and which aren't. Characters from full Metal alchemist are almost entirely European and they seem like any other anime characters. Same thing with Attack on Titan.
It all ties back into semiotics people, you gotta believe me! No but seriously it does.

Quick googling can bring up essays about this.
Also, this.
 
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