Correct.
Correct... To an extent. At least here in the United States, people have freedom of action/freedom of choice. Which gives individual agency and influence over their own lives. So at some point it stops being bad luck, and starts becoming personal poor choices.
An adolescent or young adult that has grown in a bad situation has enough agency and assessment of the self/surroundings to think that, at some point, the situation they're in is not optimal. So a reasonable person will start thinking and asking others what they can do to get out of those crappy situations. Your parents suck? There are community outreach programs, school counselors, churches, etc, to guide you in the right direction.
The story of the reformed criminal that finds religion or new meaning, while in jail, and gets out of jail to then become a productive member of society, is a story as old as time itself. Know why? Because those criminals look at the prison and say, "you know that? This situation sucks donkey balls. What personal decisions can I make so that I don't end up in this shit hole again?"
If criminals can do it, other people can. Attributing someone's ultimate shitty condition purely to luck is not only incorrectly victimizing that person, but removing their agency to the point of dehuminizing.
I've noticed that a lot of these excuses are made for native born Americans. Like
StreetsofBeige
has said time and again, the story of the penniless immigrant who comes and works hard, and finds success in the process, is also a common one. And quite often, an immigrant will come to the country without money, without knowing the language, with minimal community resources. So the immigrant is starting off way more handicapped compared to the native-born person, in that sense.
So if a penniless, language-handicapped immigrant can do it, why can't the natives do it?