Why would Apple shut down if they had enough money to continue running, and extra to invest in new devices?
Because any risks that don't pay off will cost them money they're not allowed to have, and any risks that do pay off given them no benefit.
They'd be better off shutting down the entire company and sticking all their money in T-Bills. Such an action would be EV+ for them. Actually, I'm not sure T-Bills would exist, since the demand for long-term investments would be very low in a climate that punishes profit so heavily.
In my ideal world everything above say 500,000$ of personal income goes to social welfare programs. Nobody needs more than 500k per year to live an EXTREMELY comfortable life with a full family, cars, home etc.
Imagine that a person produces one million dollars a year worth of wealth by working twelve months a year and producing 83k a month. Imagine that his top marginal tax bracket for wealth over 500k is 100%, and imagine further that there are no loopholes that would allow him to pocket the money through some underhanded schemes. Imagine further that the entire world implements this policy so there's no risk of capital flight.
Why wouldn't he take a vacation for the last (or coldest, more likely) six months of the year? And presumably shut down his company while he's on vacation?
Better, but I'm against the principle itself of a CEO being a billionaire while his wage slaves exist and have no choice but to work or die. It's not a matter of how much they make but them having no say in what they make despite being used as tools for the profit of a few.
You seem very concerned about this. You should consider getting involved with labour rights NGOs in China. I will warn you in advance: None of the labour rights NGOs in China share your ideological dedication here. They're all very practically focused on winning incremental improvements across the board (less child labour, better health and safety standards, lower working hours, better wages, non-wage benefits, etc).
I don't mean to insult your intelligence here, but is this something you've really thought through? You're interested in social justice and economics and public policy. Have you been taking courses in sociology, political science / public policy, economics / monetary / tax policy? I think you'd face pretty immediate shell shock if you studied any of these subjects, because they're not so shallow that the answer can be summarized in a sentence.
The real world is a very, very complicated place with lots of interlinking systems and variables. There's no overnight solution that involves flipping a switch and screwing the rich and then just prospering as a society. The imbalances that are present in US society didn't appear overnight, they're a result of a very very complicated policy regime that incrementally adjusted a number of settings resulting in greater wealth disparity. It's not going to be undone with really simple thinking.