Religion is a choice. Being able to invent a belief whole cloth and use that as a reason to discriminate is nonsense. People did the same thing in the 'whites only age' as well.
What to eat for breakfast is a choice. Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, "I'm going to be a Christian today." True, religion is not an immutable characteristic, but neither is it a whim to be dispensed with at a moment's notice. Nor are the defendants in cases like the one covered in the OP "invent[ing] a belief whole cloth" to justify discrimination. Both allegations are demeaning to the deep convictions of millions of Americans and, on that basis, grossly offensive. I think this debate would be well-served if people on both sides would shut up for a moment, recognize the common humanity of those on the other side, and spend some time listening to each other.
Our disagreement seems to stem from this. I believe businesses have a deserved restriction to how they can operate their business because of the disproportional amount of advantages given to them by public funding and their disproportionate usage of it. You believe that businesses put in their share just fine and have unlimited usage of those public funded benefits because they are intended to be public. To me, that's like somebody going to a party, bringing their share of food, but then eating 5x more than they brought because "the food is meant for us all to eat."
Your entire argument is based on speculation about facts. Without the actual data to work from, you have no reason to believe the things you claim and no way to support your assertions. It suffers from some other flaws, too. If you had the data, you'd presumably be content to simply compare the total taxes paid by businesses and by individuals on non-business income. But does that make sense? Why should a tiny corner store be required to bear additional legal burdens because, e.g., Halliburton received huge government benefits? What if some businesses pay more in taxes than the value of government benefits they receive?* Should they now be entitled to impose restrictions on society?
That last point brings me back to my earlier point: roads, infrastructure, and other government benefits have nothing to do with whether the government should impose new obligations on businesses or anyone else. To use your analogy, the host doesn't need to point to the benefits conferred on the guest to require that the guest take his hat off indoors (for instance). He can make him take his hat off because the house is the host's. The whole discussion of benefits vs. burdens is a red herring that detracts from actually discussing the merits of a proposed policy.
(Finally, to the extent that your argument is that businesses should not be allowed to discriminate against those who fund the businesses' benefits, your argument proves too much (in addition to the other problems I've identified with such "But roads!" arguments before). Doesn't the unshod, bare-chested customer pay taxes, after all? So why let businesses discriminate on that basis? Or, for that matter, on any of the other innumerable bases on which businesses may lawfully discriminate against taxpayers?)
*And how do we value these benefits? Are we really going to pretend that only business benefits from an educated populace, even though the primary beneficiaries are the people who have been educated?