Well, his healthcare proposal would actually save the U.S. money in the long term because public healthcare systems control costs better than private healthcare systems. You also have to factor in the fact that money for health insurance either comes out of people's pocketbooks directly through insurance premiums or indirectly through payroll deductions from the salaries, unless they are on Medicaid or Medicare. Those expenses would disappear under a public system, even if taxes would need to be raised slightly to cover the costs of the public system. Over the long term, the amount that people would pay through taxes would be less than the amount they would pay through payroll deductions or health insurance premiums. The same is basically true of his college plan: People already pay "taxes" to the federal government or private lenders in the form of loan repayments. Those expenses would disappear under Sander's plan for people who attend public universities, even if taxes would have to be raised slightly. That being said, Sanders does say he would fund his college proposal through a transaction tax, so the need for an additional tax increase to cover his college plans is unclear.
As for his other proposals, Sander's plans borrow heavily from the budget put out by the House Progressive Caucus. That budget generally gets the best scores from the CBO in terms of "balancing the budget (which is somewhat of a dubious goal, but that is another topic), and it manages to fund its proposals by making the tax code more progressive, which means tax increases wouldn't occur for the vast majority of people.
Sanders doesn't do the best job of selling his ideas in that linked interview, by the way, although the write up makes the exchange he had with Mahre seem more hostile than it was in my view.
Edit (Reply to Hylian): My big fear is that none of the conservative justices retire in the next 4-8 years. My impression is that they seem pretty young and healthy relatively speaking. I'm pretty sure Scalia is kept alive by the blood of liberals he devours.