Sure some songs use acoustic instruments but they are far from ballads and far from using acoustic instruments consistently.
Emocore began in the mid-80's as an emotionally charged and politically progressive form of hardcore punk, centered in Washington, DC, as a response to the machismo of the larger hardcore scene. It's short for emotive hardcore. These bands are often tagged "harDCore" or "Revolution Summer" bands, and include artists such as Rites of Spring, Embrace, and Fuel. Later on, the "emocore" label was attached to bands such as Lifetime, Hot Water Music, and Jawbreaker.
As time went on, Emo bands started to experiment more with loud/soft dynamics, intricate melodies, heavy build-ups, and twinkly guitar work. At the core of these bands lied a commitment to the DIY ethic and an embrace of sincerity. This is the most pure distillation of "emo," although far from the only iteration. A few of these bands would be Moss Icon, Native Nod, Navio Forge, Indian Summer, and Still Life. There was also a small subset of bands, mostly in San Diego and later Berkeley, who made the sound more frenzied and fractured, typified by artists who frequented the Che Cafe and Gilman Street, such as Heroin, Antioch Arrow, Portraits of Past, Clikitat Ikatowi, and John Henry West.
Midwest Emo is a style of indie rock that takes from the song structure (and occasionally vocal style) of the previous emo bands, but imbues it with pop sensibilities and a more gentle touch. The artists are sometimes referred to as "post-emo indie rock," "indiemo," or "twinkledaddies" because of the twinkly sound of the guitars. Cap'n Jazz is usually cited as the original midwest emo band. Other notables include Sunny Day Real Estate, American Football, Pedro the Lion, and Mineral.
Screamo is an aggressive offshoot of Emo characterized by yelled or screamed vocals and dissonant, twinkly guitar work. Screamo bands usually shy away from conventional song structures and often play around with loud/soft dynamics. Because screamo is often used as a catch all term for all genres with unclean vocals, many screamo fans often refer to true screamo as skramz. Saetia, William Bonney, L'Antietam, I Have Dreams, and the Kidcrash are a few examples of screamo bands. There are also screamo bands that experiment with post-rock and progressive rock tendencies, such as Gospel, Circle Takes the Square, and City of Caterpillar.
Emoviolence, a portmanteau of emo and powerviolence, is a fusion genre of screamo/emo with powerviolence. Orchid, pageninetynine, In/Humanity, Palatka, and Usurp Synapse are a few notable examples.
Emo Pop sprouted from the crossover of pop-punk and Midwest emo bands, but also includes pop-punk bands with a heavy emocore influence. Artists range from the Get-Up Kids and the Promise Ring, to Taking Back Sunday and Brand New, to even the early work of Fall Out Boy.
Recently, there has been a renewed interest in emo, especially midwest emo. These bands are heavily influenced by Cap'n Jazz and often have a strong bent towards math rock and post-rock in their song structure and guitar work. A few examples of these emo revival bands are Street Smart Cyclist, Snowing, Algernon Cadwallader, The World Is A Beautiful Place & I Am No Longer Afraid to Die, and Glocca Morra.
There is even an emo pop revival scene centered around indie rock bands with mildly intricate guitar work and deeply personal, confessional lyrics. These bands include Modern Baseball, Sorority Noise, and the Front Bottoms.
The following are examples bands are NOT EMO but are very influential or popular within the scene: The Cure, the Smiths, Fugazi, Slint, Nation of Ulysses, Drive Like Jehu, Modest Mouse, Death Cab for Cutie, and Pinegrove.