For example if you attempt to use a bomb arrow while it's raining it will not go off and function as a normal arrow. However if you stand under the cover of a tree and light the fuse, it will function properly.
Burning grass creates an updraft which you can exploit with your glider to get better positioning for an arrow shot.
Every tree can be cut down to create pathways across rivers
If you are knocked back into any type of barrier (tree, rock, wall) you will slam against it and take extra damage.
Weather patterns like wind are persistent across the entire open world. In fact during development they encountered a problem when the director found objects that were supposed to be in an area were missing; the in game wind had blown them far away.
The game is fundamentally a physics playground.