4) Hai, watshi wa ryugakusei.
Scratch that "watashi wa". You don't need it because it's entirely obvious you're talking about yourself.
5) Aa, dore ga diagaku desu ka.
"Dore ga" basically translates to "which", as in, "which one (of the following colleges/colleges we talked about) is your college?". Say "Doko no" instead.
6) Washington no daigaku desu.
Are you saying you're from a college in Washington, or from Washington University? If it's the latter, get rid of "no".
8) Hai, amerikajin desu... (the following line is meant to be "Anyway, what is this place?) Nani desu ka.
Simpler yet, "hai, sou desu" or just "sou desu". "Nan desu ka" is too vague, you should say something like "koko wa donna tokoro desu ka", where "donna" means "what sort of". Or refer to shanshan's solution.
9) Kissaten desu. (I would like to expand this to, "This is a cafe, the name is "The Wonderful of Alcohol." Though, I have no idea how I would properly write this).
"Sake no subarashii sekai" or something could do the trick. Just add "to iimasu" at the end.
Add "kore wa" or "kore," if you want it to sound even more natural => "kore, menyuu desu ka"
11) Hai, menyuu wo doozo.
"Hai, douzo" is just fine, really.
12) Doomo arigatto. Kore wa nani desu ka.
This is nitpicking, but if you really want to say "thanks" (which is not only unnecessary when you're a client/customer receiving something from a vendor, for instance, but downright unnatural), just say "doumo". "Arigatou" emphasizes the sentiment of gratitude, but vendors, waiters and the like are thought to just be doing their jobs. No need for gratitude. That's just the way they roll in Japan I guess
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Also, you seem to be making a recurring mistake: "nani" becomes "nan" when followed by a word that starts with a consonant.
13) Dore desu ka. Aa, Coedo Kyara (is this the proper pronunciation?) desu.
Not sure what you're trying to say here.
14) Ocha desu ka.
15) Iie, ocha ja nai desu. Biiru desu. Oishii desu.
For a slightly more natural, spontaneous flavor, add "yo" at the very end
. Kinda like the person is saying "let me tell you, it tastes great".
"Gochisousama deshita". Never "desu". You switched "o" and "ou" around in "gochisousama" as well.
Onamae wa nan desu ka.
19) Watashi was Mary desu. Namae desu ka.
"Watashi wa" is not necessary, but use it if you really want to. You can also say "to iimasu" instead of "desu" if you prefer. And again: "Onamae wa nan desu ka."
20) Watashi wa Sanji desu. Ano, Mary-san wa doyoubi konabn ni uchi de eiga wo mimasen ka.
"Watashi wa" is up to you, again. As a rule, think about whether it's absolutely obvious who you're talking about before deciding that you should express the subject.
Are you asking her out for tonight (which happens to be Saturday), or Saturday night? If it's the former, say "kon'ya". If it's the latter, "doyoubi no yoru".
22) Mary-san no denwa bangoo desu ka.
Forgot the "nan" before "desu ka". Could be said more naturally, but the sentence is perfectly correct
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24) Watashi wa doyoubi ni mimasu. (I am attempting to say, "I'll see you Saturday.") Sayoonara, Mary-san.
"Dewa, mata doyoubi ni, Mary-san" is really the most efficient way to say all this.
This however doesn't work, AFAIK. "Hai, mata ne, Sanji-san" should do the trick.
2) Konbanwa. (I was unable to figure how to write this in Japanese, "I am a little lost.")
michi ni mayotte imasu
Yup. For full effect, add "ga" or "kedo" at the end. It implies you're waiting for the person's help or input. You should add something else in the sentence for it to sound completely natural, but let's not complicate things, you should be fine with the sentence as it is.
8) Hai, amerikajin desu... (the following line is meant to be "Anyway, what is this place?) Nani desu ka.
You could just say "kono tokoro ha?"
This is one possible way to ask. I'd go with a simple "koko ha?" In both cases, you should linger on the "ha" a bit. It's kinda like "...", like you're expecting the other person to complete your sentence.
9) Kissaten desu. (I would like to expand this to, "This is a cafe, the name is "The Wonderful of Alcohol." Though, I have no idea how I would properly write this).
I would say "The wonderful of Alcohol to iu kissaten desu" (A cafe called...) if this grammar isn't too difficult.
Works too. Is it a Japanese name or an English name?