Finding them will be one of the toughest challenges for whoever ends up managing Whitehalls trade efforts. However, the pool to draw them from is tiny. Lord Price, the minister for trade and investment, has said that the Government has about 40 trade negotiators, compared with the 550 employed by the EU.
Yet even these figures may exaggerate the number of people qualified to go into the room for Britain and agree trading deals for a post-EU era. [Hosuk Lee-Makiyama, the director of the European Centre for International Political Economy,] estimates that there cannot be more than 200 actual negotiators in the world as a whole. This shortfall will require the civil service to look far and wide, and is indicative of the kind of skills shortages Whitehall will struggle with in the years ahead.
Lord Turnbull has said Parliamentary draftsmen familiar with the European legal and legislative system will be like gold dust. He recommended that the civil service starts a programme to identify, among all those legal firms that we have, all the Slaughter and Mays and so on people who might be able to help out the Government.
Trade negotiation will be more difficult, he admitted. Its not like the private sector has a lot that we can then borrow, but somehow we have to build up
it cant be done in a matter of months.
Trade negotiators are not like the academics who specialise in trade, and require a unique set of skills. Modern trade agreements would be incomprehensible to a person unfamiliar with them, written in a kind of legalistic code.
Lee-Makiyama says that people are often confused on this point. Just because you know the substance doesnt make you an expert, he says.
Dealmakers have to know what strategy they will use, if they will scope out the negotiation, what they will scope, and how they will do it. They must have an idea of what they want to propose, in what order, and which sections of a trade deal they want to debate first. Developing an understanding of how to do this can take years.
Even the European Commission has been accused of not being able to draft proper agreements, Lee-Makiyama says. This is why all the European free trade agreements include language copied and pasted from the US agreements.
Part of the arsenal of any good negotiator is a formidable contacts book. Given the small number working in this area, negotiators tend to know each other, and those personal relationships can be as important as their technical abilities. Homegrown British negotiators would lack the access of their more seasoned adversaries.
Lamy suggests that the UK will have to engage in trade of trade negotiators themselves, if it is to field an effective team. For the necessary expertise, you can hire Indians or Americans.
Others have suggested that the UK could draw on favours from other Commonwealth nations, like New Zealand, to offer their assistance.