You just described my crews experience. The teleporting was complete BULLSHIT. I think Bungie eliminated checkpoints because people would be posting "I got Skolas checkpoint" and that would break their design.
My crew really couldn't cheese him with g-horns because I don't have one. Our strategy was go in clockwise, I kill the first servitor and my buddies blackhammer/g-horn him with a blessings of light. I would immediately continue around clockwise and take out the other servitor. That would give them 35 seconds of DPS. I would run back counterclockwise. Shoot some rockets as well and we would activate devouring essence (which was doable for us).
The problem was when he would teleport about 50% of the time. That would usually down one of them and we would have to run a clockwise pattern to revive the fallen guardian and all three of us would end up in a death spiral of trying to avoid the captains' solar burn.
We got to the mines multiple times, but that became even more frustrating.
I don't know if I'll go back and fight him again until I have a g-horn (or ever, but I'm feeling like I could make pounds of saltwater taffy with the saltiness I feel).