Not 100%, but I'd take a stab at vinyl being analog and CD's being digital. Which inherently makes vinyl superior depending on the condition.
That isn't true, the physical issues related to vinyl means that it should inherently have poorer dynamic range than CD or digital files. They often sound better is due to the fact that a lot of modern CDs and remasters have the brick-wall issue and thus sound like shit. Case in point: original ZZ Top albums vs "remastered" ZZ Top albums.
Then you've got a whole pile of other catches and problems. The physical quality of your turntable and vinyl record matters, which often encourages people to spend spend spend and probably why audiophile companies love selling turntables. Furthermore, a lot of records are recorded via digital means. This was the case even as far back as the mid 80s -
Synchronicity by The Police was digitally recorded in 16 bit/44.1khz so I dunno what people think vinyl is meant to do in this case.
What people often, and should, argue about in this case is which master to get since that is actually what matters and changes how the music sounds.
So why should you get vinyl? Robert Daltrey made a really good point that the best part of vinyl was the collecting aspect. And I think he's absolutely right: vinyl records are inherently cooler than CD or digital because you get huge sleeves with awesome album art. They also sound more intimate to me whatever that is meant to mean.
I know GAF hates Bose, but I just picked up a pair of Bose Soundtrues in Mint/black. I read some reviews and ultimately I was just looking for decent sound with emphasis on comfort and being lightweight/portability as well as no sound leakage. Did I make a good purchase or no?
You didn't do a terrible purchase. Bose is one of the better headphone companies if usability is what you value. The sound quality of Bose products are typically not great, as you are well aware, but I actually don't think they are abominably bad enough to lump the company with Beats Audio or whatever lifestyle brand.