JGS said:
There was definitely another Herod, but the governor/census one is the biggest one that trips people up.
The debate is that Cyrenius wasn't the governor (Although it's accepted he existed). I did research on it a long time ago using non-Biblical sources (A debate with an atheist grasping for straws although this one was a pretty legitimate one imo).
It basically indicated that he could have either been a co-governor or an acting governor. But I would have to research the details again (Entirely from Google Books and very, very boring).
I have done my research also. neither herod the great or his sons were in power when cyrenius became governor of syria. the debate is not whether cyrenius was a governor or not. We know that he was the governor of syria and we know that took place in 6CE. the debate is whos account of jesus birth is correct. Mathew say that it happened in the time of king herod. we know herod the great died in 4BCE. his son Herod Archelaus took over from 4 BCE to 6 CE. Herod other son Herod Antipas, was ruler of Galilee from 4BCE to 39CE.
The Escape to Egypt
13 When they had gone, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream. Get up, he said, take the child and his mother and escape to Egypt. Stay there until I tell you, for Herod is going to search for the child to kill him.
14 So he got up, took the child and his mother during the night and left for Egypt,
15
where he stayed until the death of Herod. And so was fulfilled what the Lord had said through the prophet: Out of Egypt I called my son.[c]
Birth/Death
Herod Archelaus (23 BCE c. 18 CE)
Herod the Great (74 BCE c. 4 BCE)
Herod Antipas ( died around 40CE)
Mathew could only have been talking about herod the great because if joseph had remain in egypt till herods son died jesus would have been a man.
but if you read on in matthew he makes it clear that it is herod the great and not his son.
Matthew 2
21 So he got up, took the child and his mother and went to the land of Israel.
22 But when he heard
that Archelaus was reigning in Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there. Having been warned in a dream, he withdrew to the district of Galilee,
23 and he went and lived in a town called Nazareth. So was fulfilled what was said through the prophets, that he would be called a Nazarene.
to the next point cyrenius was not a co-governor of syria.
Governors of Syria
Date Governor
65 62 BC Marcus Aemilius Scaurus
61 60 BC Lucius Marcius Philippus
59 58 BC Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus
57 55 BC Aulus Gabinius
54 53 BC Marcus Licinius Crassus
53 51 BC Gaius Cassius Longinus
51 50 BC Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus
50/49 BC Veiento
49 48 BC Metellus Scipio
47 46 BC Sextus Julius Caesar
46 44 BC Caecilius Bassus
45 BC Antistius Vetus
44 BC Lucius Staius Murcus
44 42 BC Gaius Cassius Longinus
41 40 BC Lucius Decidius Saxa
40 39 BC Parthian occupation
39 38 BC Publius Ventidius Bassus
38 37 BC Gaius Sosius
35 BC Lucius Munatius Plancus
34/33 33/32 BC Lucius Calpurnius Bibulus
30 BC Quintus Didius
29 BC Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus
28 25 BC Cicero Minor
25 23 BC Varro
23 13 BC Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
13/12 10/9 BC Marcus Titius
10/9 7/6 BC Gaius Sentius Saturninus
7/6 4 BC Publius Quinctilius Varus
4 1 BC Unknown [1]
1 BC 4 Gaius Julius Caesar Vipsanianus
4 5 Lucius Volusius Saturninus
6 9
Publius Sulpicius Quirinius
12 17 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus Silanus
17 19 Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso
19 21 Gnaeus Sentius Saturninus
22 32 Lucius Aelius Lamia
32 35 Lucius Pomponius Flaccus
35 39 Lucius Vitellius
39 41/42 Publius Petronius
41/42 44/45 Gnaeus Vibius Marcus
45 49 Cassius Longinus
50 60 Gaius Ummidius Durmius Quadratus
60 63 Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
63 67 Cestius Gallus
67 69 Gaius Licinius Mucianus
70 72 Lucius Caesennius Paetus
73 - 78 Marcus Ulpius Traianus
Even if you say cyrenius was a co- governor of syria (no evidence to show such a thing happened) during the time of Herod the great you will still need to explain the census. Herod was a client king, judea was not part of the empire so a roman wide census did not pertain to judea. However, in 6 ad when judea became part of the roman empire and roman did carry out an empire wide census. This is where the book of luke comes in.