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Elon Musk will be giving a presentation entitled "Making Humans a Multiplanetary Species" at the International Astronautical Congress on Tuesday at 1:30 pm CDT. He's expected to give some details about SpaceX's plans for the colonization of the red planet as well as reveal the Interplanetary Transport System spaceship (recently renamed from the "Mars Colonial Transporter", because it "turns out MCT can go well beyond Mars") that will take people there.
Live stream: http://www.spacex.com/Mars
"What we know so far" article from The Verge: http://www.theverge.com/2016/9/21/12891322/elon-musk-spacex-mars-colonization-mission-rocket
On the second day of the IAC, during a special keynote entitled Making Humans a Multiplanetary Species, Elon Musk will discuss the long-term technical challenges that need to be solved to support the creation of a permanent, self-sustaining human presence on Mars. The technical presentation will focus on potential architectures for colonizing the Red Planet that industry, government and the scientific community can collaborate on in the years ahead.
Live stream: http://www.spacex.com/Mars
"What we know so far" article from The Verge: http://www.theverge.com/2016/9/21/12891322/elon-musk-spacex-mars-colonization-mission-rocket
The monster rocket that SpaceX wants to build has been codenamed the BFR, an acronym for Big Fucking Rocket. Its a nod to the video game Doom, which had a giant gun called the BFG. The booster will have to launch a spaceship filled with 100 tons of "useful payload" to the Martian surface, Musk explained in a Reddit AMA in January 2015. That will be way more cargo than anyone has ever delivered to Mars at one time.
The BFR mostly serves the purpose of carrying a giant ship codenamed BFS, for Big Fucking Spaceship into space. This will be the main ride for passengers traveling to the Martian colony. But the structure of the vehicle and how it will operate is not yet known. Some have wondered if the BFS will spin to create artificial gravity for passengers, to minimize their muscle and bone density loss. And there has been speculation about how it will shield astronauts from deep-space radiation and solar flares.
SpaceX wont be relying on NASAs methods to land its cargo, though. Instead, it will likely figure out a way of using rocket engines to lower a vehicle down to a planets surface, according to Braun. This is called supersonic retro propulsion, and SpaceX has used it to land its Falcon 9 rockets after launch. The company will likely scale up the technique for its Mars spaceship. However, its not clear if the entire BFS will be capable of landing on Mars, or if only a portion of it will ferry crew and cargo to the Martian surface.
Musk has said multiple times that he hopes to launch the first BFS filled with passengers in 2024. Thats a short deadline for a company that hasnt launched even one person into space yet.
Much of the hardware needed for a Martian settlement will have to be sent over before people arrive. And once the colonists eventually get there, theyll still need food and supplies coming from Earth plus plenty of replacement parts in case equipment breaks or malfunctions.
Musks solution is a series of Red Dragon missions, which were announced earlier this year. In 2018, SpaceX plans to launch a version of its Dragon cargo capsule to Mars, to see if the vehicle can deliver supplies to the planets surface. The capsule will launch on top of the Falcon Heavy, the heavy-lift rocket SpaceX plans to fly for the first time next year. And once the Dragon reaches the Red Planet, it will use supersonic retro propulsion to land.
SpaceX plans to keep sending these Red Dragons to Mars every 26 months when Earth and Mars are closest to one another on their orbits. The idea is to establish a reliable cargo route to Mars. These Red Dragon "shipments" will bring supplies and replacement parts to the Martian colonists.