Black Republican
Member
way higher than i thought
http://www.forbes.com/sites/cjarlot...roin-users-started-with-prescription-opioids/
http://www.forbes.com/sites/cjarlot...roin-users-started-with-prescription-opioids/
With heroin-related overdoses rapidly increasing in the United States, many in the country are working to understand why users turn to the highly addictive drug so quickly in the first place. Taking a look at high school students, one group of researchers examined the potential relationship between prescription painkiller and heroin use.
There were 16,235 deaths involving prescription opioids in the country in 2013, an increase of 303% from 1999, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). There were 8,257 heroin-related deaths in 2013, up 39% from 2012.
Published in Drug and Alcohol Dependence, a study revealed a new connection between heroin and prescription opioid use in high school students. The report, titled Nonmedical Opioid Use and Heroin Use in a Nationally Representative Sample of US High School Seniors, concluded that more than 75% of high school heroin users began experimenting further with opiates after first being introduced to prescription painkillers.
Dr. Joseph J. Palamar, an affiliate of the Center for Drug Use and HIV Research (CDUHR) and an assistant professor of Population Health at NYU Langone Medical Center (NYULMC), told Forbes in an interview that many teens are hesitant to trust drug education in schools and data provided by their government.
Teens are commonly taught that marijuana is as dangerous as heroin and then when theyre exposed to marijuana they may develop a distrust regarding all other drug information, he said. Teens are generally only taught how drugs are bad and there is little focus on why some people use.
Nearly 25% of students who reported using prescription opioids more than 40 rimes reported lifetime heroin use, the study showed.
Opioids are an even more complicated situation because most other drugs are illegal in all contexts, yet opioids the most dangerous drugs are prescribed by doctors and are often sitting there in parents medicine cabinets, Palamar. If teens dont believe warnings about street drugs then why would they be afraid to use government-approved pharmaceutical grade pills?
Teens who are hooked on opioids almost always say theyll never use heroin, he said. Months later after theyve move onto heroin because they could not longer find or afford their pills, they say theyll only sniff heroin but never inject. Next thing they know theyre injecting.
Many teens are unaware of the fact that most heroin abusers started using prescription opioids before becoming addicted to the drug. Dependence can really sneak up on you, he said.
Longitudinal research is needed to more closely examine which pill users are moving onto heroin, Palamar said. Were even lacking basic longitudinal research showing that opioid use usually precedes heroin use. While we believe that pill use preceded heroin use in most cases in our study, we were unable to detect whether heroin was actually used first by some teens.