Latin American Weekly Report
November 30, 2004 Tuesday
It has emerged that, contrary to its claims at the time, the US government did know that a plot to oust Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez was under way in April 2002, and that events leading up to the coup were not as portrayed by Washington. It has also been revealed that the US later, with Spain's assistance, sought to press Latin American governments to recognise the government installed by that coup.
The first revelation is the result of Freedom of Information requests filed by Eva Golinger, a pro-Chavez lawyer based in the US. She unearthed a top-secret Senior Executive Security Brief produced by the CIA on 6 April 2002 - six days before the coup - which showed fairly detailed knowledge of the plot and ventured, accurately, that it was likely to take place that very month.
The very day of the coup, White House spokesman Ari Fleischer claimed that 'action encouraged by the Chavez government provoked this crisis', that action being that 'the Chavez government suppressed peaceful demonstrations.' The declassified CIA document noted, 'To provoke military action, the plotters may try to exploit unrest stemming from opposition demonstrations slated for later this month.'
Immediately after the coup, at a White House briefing a senior US official stated categorically that there had been no foreknowledge of the coup. The CIA report says, 'Dissident military factions, including some disgruntled senior officers and a group of radical junior officers, are stepping up efforts to organize a coup against President Chavez, possibly as early as this month.'
This document, classified one notch below the Presidential Daily Briefs and circulated to the US government's top 200-or-so officials, does not corroborate claims by the Chavez government that the US government participated actively in the plot. Indeed, it notes that 'repeated warnings that the US will not support any extraconstitutional moves' might have deterred some of the civilian plotters.
The CIA document
Top Secret - Senior Executive Intelligence Briefing
Saturday, 6 April 2002
Conditions ripening for coup attempt
Dissident military factions, including some disgruntled senior officers and a group of radical junior officers, are stepping up efforts to organize a coup against President Chavez, possibly as early as this month, [section deleted]. The level of detail in the reported plans - [section deleted] targets Chavez and 10 other senior officers for arrest - lends credence to this information, but military and civilian contacts note that neither group appears ready to lead a successful coup and may bungle the attempt by moving too quickly.
Civilian groups opposed to Chavez's policies, including the Catholic Church, business groups, and labor, are backing away from efforts to involve them in the plotting, probably to avoid being tainted by an extraconstitutional move and fear that a failed attempt could strengthen Chavez's hand, [section deleted].
Prospects for a successful coup at this point are limited. The plotters still lack the political cover to stage a coup. Chavez's core support base among poor Venezuelans remains intact, and repeated warnings that the US will not support any extraconstitutional moves to oust Chavez probably have given pause to the plotters.
Chavez is monitoring opponents inside and outside the military [section deleted].
To provoke military action, the plotters may try to exploit unrest stemming from opposition demonstrations slated for later this month or ongoing strikes at the state-owned oil company PDVSA. White-collar workers began striking on Thursday at facilities in 11 of 23 states as part of an escalating protest against Chavez's efforts to politicize PDVSA.
Protracted strikes, particularly if they have the support of the blue-collar oil workers' union, could trigger a confrontation [section deleted].