Dan C., who is a lawyer in California, sent this excellent assessment of where Hulk Hogan's judgment from Gawker stands.
***
I heard you and Stu discussing the Hogan/Gawker case and the issue of the appeal bond. Here's the 411. Feel free to use it on the site:
An appellate bond is required to be posted by the losing party at trial to provide security to the winning party in the event that the decision is affirmed on appeal. It's objective is to ensure that the losing party does not use an appeal to delay payment of the Judgment while at the same time spending, hiding, or otherwise wasting its assets which should be available to satisfy the Judgment. Because of the one to two year period of the appellate process, most states require the appellate bond to be for 125% or 150% of the Judgment award to account for costs, fees, and post-Judgment interest [in California that interest accrues at 10% per year; in the Federal Courts it's a variable rate which I think is currently +/- 7%; I don't know about Florida].
Appellate bonds are issued by surety companies, which basically are insurance companies. Effectively, the surety company posts a bond with the Court which says to the winning party at trial "if you win on appeal we'll guarantee [hence the term "surety"] that your Judgment is paid." It's just like an insurance policy that says if your house burns down we'll rebuild it.
Here's the difficulty Gawker will have: Surety Bonds are fully secured, meaning that the surety company or insurance company requires the losing defendant to post cash, securities, real estate, or other liquid assets to secure the bond. And most surety companies require the security for the bond to be 150% of the bond amount to account for valuation fluctuations in the security during the appellate process. And, the surety companies usually charge a 10% premium for the bond, although in large bonds like this one the premium is often negotiable to a lower percentage.
So, what does that mean for Gawker: Florida apparently has a $50M limit or cap on appellate bonds. Thus, Gawker would have to post $75M in cash, securities, real estate, or other liquid assets to secure the appellate bond, and pay a premium in the area of $5M for the cost of the bond. Since I read that Gawker's total 2014 revenues were only +/- $47M, and its 2014 EBIDA was only +/- $6.7m, it's unlikely that Gawker would have either the assets to post as security or the cash to pay the premium. So an appellate bond is likely out of the question. One other question that no one has discussed: did Gawker have any type of insurance coverage that might provide either defense costs and/or indemnity to Gawker? Most business CGL policies cover defamation and business disparagement type claims. So, it's possible that an insurance company has been paying Gawker's lawyers to defend the case, and would also fund the appeal. If that's the case, there's a chance that the insurer would fund the appellate bond.
That's not necessarily the end of the appeal though. First, Gawker can and almost certainly will ask the trial court for a stay of enforcement pending appeal. If the trial court says "No," and based on the Judge's prior rulings that seems likely, Gawker could petition the appellate court for a stay, or a writ of supercedeas, because it financially can't afford the bond and the appeal raises issues of great public importance, i.e., free speech. To date, Gawker has had much better luck with the Florida Court of Appeals, and there's a good chance the appellate court might grant that relief.
Second, even if both courts deny the stay/supercedeas requests, Gawker can still appeal. It just means Hogan and his attorneys can execute on the Judgment by levying on Gawker's assets and/or inserting a receiver to seize Gawker's receivables while the appeal proceeds. Not a good option for Gawker, but it might be Gawker's only option to vindicate it's name. Or, Gawker could file a Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and allow a Bankruptcy Trustee to collect and manage its assets and income while Gawker reorganizes and restructures itself to deal with the Judgment. My best guess is that Gawker has little in the way of "hard assets" [probably like PWI doesn't, some computer equipment and software are the only physical assets necessary to run an online news site] so the bankruptcy would allow Gawker to stay in business while prosecuting its appeal.
Finally, there's a big issue to consider before we even get to the appeal stage. There will be a motion for new trial by Gawker on many grounds, not the least of which will be excessive damages [a similar motion will be coming in the Erin Andrews case where the damages were also astronomical, and totally disproportionate to the harm suffered]. These post-trial motions are routine, and in high dollar cases generally result in the damages being reduced to a sane amount. The public just doesn't hear about them very often because the reduction in damages just isn't as sexy or flashy as the 9-figure awards, so they're on page 10 while the outrageous Judgments are at the top of page 1. I'd guess that in both the Hogan and Andrews cases the damages are substantially reduced to the single-digit millions, as opposed to tens of millions, of dollars. There's just no rational explanation that a single person can sustain "emotional distress" worth $50M, that's mind-blowing, especially when both Plaintiffs did not suffer any physical injuries. I just don't see how a trial or appellate court allows either of these damages awards to stand.