http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_mining
I really, REALLY wish Obama or some future president would pull a Kennedy, and just pledge a mission to claim and mine said (or any of the other mineral rich asteroids we have found) in under a decade. Mining in space presents such a large set of challenges that it seems somewhat analogous to where the US was starting in the late 1950s with respect to putting a man on the moon. A concise mission like this would present a clear set of problems for engineers, controllers, and designers to overcome, would tap multiple disciplines throughout the economy, and would be much more palatable to politicians because of the economic and political benefits a successful mission would bring. Ignoring the 20 trillion dollar prize itself, the US is already feeling the pressure from China and other emerging nations with regards to price manipulation of rare earth minerals and there is no better source than the asteroid belt itself.
IMO, this is mission that everyone should be pushing for.
Two things:
1) I don't think it's tenable for any politician to talk about things like "mining asteroids" or "building a moon base" at this stage. When Kennedy said "
we choose to go to the moon", NASA already had detailed plans of how to go to the moon, and a timetable for getting there. The bureaucratic noise that usually stands in the way of cutting edge technology (like the Saturn rockets) had already been cut through under Eisenhower, and in fact the Saturn project was already well underway. What Kennedy did was speed up the timetable, and more importantly make it clear that
money was not an obstacle. What he really said was,
you can take any reservations about NASA's budget and shove them up your rear entrance, we're going to the moon in the next nine years.
Killing the money objection was extremely important, and I would argue
necessary for succeeding in a large scale government project.
The logical thing to do next is Mars. Obama could set the timetable for Mars at 2019, and we would be able to do it. If he doesn't, we won't do it. Simple as that.
2) I don't think "mining asteroids" is nearly inspiring enough to talk about as a public goal. It's a
huge step, but it's just a step. The goals ought to be things like "go to Mars", "build a self-sufficient, liveable-gravity space colony". Goals that inspire the imagination. Asteroid mining is a necessary step for a space colony, so we'd have to tackle it along the way. But it's not a rallying cry.
We should be going to Mars tomorrow. If not tomorrow then the day after, if not then then the day after that. The next step is asteroid mining, and the goal after that is building a city in earth-moon L4 or L5.