Wow, Killer Instinct has a pretty nice system for Ranked:
4 Leagues: Bronze, Silver, Gold and Killer
You can let the system decide which league to put you in by playing 10 matches. The outcomes of those matches decided which league you get put in. You can requalify once every month (if you want to).
Regular Ranked matches match you up with opponents of any skill level, but the final match that lets you rank up HAS to be played with people from either your rank or above. You CAN'T rank down.
Bronze and Silver matches are Bo1, but Gold and Killer matches are Bo3 without a choice. So you can't just win one and then bolt, you have to finish the Bo3 AND WIN else you get no points.
This system is so nice man, there's no pressure involved since there's really nothing to lose if you lose matches. Points can be gotten back and it all feels like you're working towards something (Killer rank). Just got to Gold there myself so I'm having a ton of fun playing ranked in that mode. Certainly helps that everything is so snappy and works so well.
The fear of 'losing progress" by ranking down really makes SFV Ranked matches feel very stressful for some.
Well I'll say this last bit about it. I'm mostly good when I play friends, other GAf'ers, or live casuals at a tourney. It's the world of facing online randoms that does this to me.
On another note although I haven't played the game in a month I was really into a online shooter called Titanfall 2. Being in that team environment does a lot to make the experience a much more pleasant one compared to the 1v1 environment of fighting games.
It's honestly the exact opposite for me. Playing team based games with randoms gets me so angry. They usually flame, suck anyway and then flame somebody else for sucking.
At least in Fighting Games there's no excuse to fall back to. You lost, it's on you. You won, it's all you.