One of the central arguments often pushed by news media, history classes and individuals viewing violent protests is that innocent people and businesses are getting hurt, and all it serves to do is to obfuscate any message they wish to convey to the general public. After all, nobody would argue that this is the result people want. This is fucked up stuff. I think it's sad, most people think it's sad.
But acknowledging it is sad does not change the reality that this is the natural evolution of the injustices perpetrated against specific peoples, and that contrary to the narrative this stuff has worked countless times. In significant and hugely long term ways.
I'll try to keep this topic relatively contained so that people actually read it, so I'll center my argument around a few key articles and then open for discussion.
First, because the number one thing people who view violent protests as a pointless exercise is futility that ruins messages do is to quote Martin Luther King Jr. or point to his nonviolent movement as proof of the "right way", I thought we'd shortly discuss his perspective. The truth is that the reality is that nonviolence was not the sole tool of the civil rights movement, violence and killing and looting were a regular occurrence during the 60s, just like in Ferguson, just like we see in Baltimore today:
Sound familiar? An injustice against an individual within a group of peoples spiraled into a hellstorm of violence and destruction. What is going on today is a joke compared to scale of the explosions of anger that went on in the 60s.
These often had huge impacts on changing local laws and eventually national ones. But what did Martin Luther King Jr. have to say on riots?
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MLK Jr. On Riots
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"I will agree that there is a group in the Negro community advocating violence now. I happen to feel that this group represents a numerical minority. Surveys have revealed this. The vast majority of Negroes still feel that the best way to deal with the dilemma that we face in this country is through non-violent resistance, and I don't think this vocal group will be able to make a real dent in the Negro community in terms of swaying 22 million Negroes to this particular point of view. And I contend that the cry of "black power" is, at bottom, a reaction to the reluctance of white power to make the kind of changes necessary to make justice a reality for the Negro. I think that we've got to see that a riot is the language of the unheard. And, what is it that America has failed to hear? It has failed to hear that the economic plight of the Negro poor has worsened over the last few years."
"But it is not enough for me to stand before you tonight and condemn riots. It would be morally irresponsible for me to do that without, at the same time, condemning the contingent, intolerable conditions that exist in our society. These conditions are the things that cause individuals to feel that they have no other alternative than to engage in violent rebellions to get attention. And I must say tonight that a riot is the language of the unheard. And what is it America has failed to hear? It has failed to hear that the plight of the negro poor has worsened over the last twelve or fifteen years. It has failed to hear that the promises of freedom and justice have not been met. And it has failed to hear that large segments of white society are more concerned about tranquility and the status quo than about justice and humanity."
Speech
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Examples of Violent Riots that Changed History
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Now the important thing to do is recognize the reality that even though this is a shitty outcome, that violence is inevitable when those in power refuse to listen to the pleas of those they're supposed to serve when huge injustices are perpetrated.
But if these riots didn't work, there'd be no point, right? I agree. The problem is that they do sometimes work. Often. And for a huge range of issues. Here is an overview of just some, using various sources for your viewing. I mostly focused on US riots because that is where the unrest is currently going on. But most countries can point to riots like this which have worked. (Source 1, Source 2, Source 3, Source 4, Source 5, Source 6)
The Stonewall Riots:
This was directly instrumental in galvanizing a community to forever change this country. It worked.
Student Revolt and Labor Strikes in France
These riots that included killing police officers led to massive changes for workers and students alike.
The 'Snow' Riot of 1835
I included this one for complexity's sake, because this was a riot by white racists which happened to change the face of America forever. We STILL face the repercussions of this riot today.
1921 Battle of Blair Mountain
The impact is self-explanatory. It was a pivotal moment in the labor movement.
_____________________________
Discussion
_____________________________
The point of all this is not to come here and endorse violent riots as the "way to go" when you want change. The point is to highlight the high level of complexity that is actually involved in these assessments. Violent riots DO work, and have worked many times throughout history and in many countries. They have worked to effect both short term and long term solutions, or to spark movements which critically changes the countries they were in.
This does not mean we have to like them. They are a sad result, but thinking they are sad does not change the root causes. And unless we accept the root causes and that these are the natural results of situations where those in power do not listen to the cries for help of those they are supposed to serve, we're never going to fix the problems that led to these violent revolts in the first place.
But acknowledging it is sad does not change the reality that this is the natural evolution of the injustices perpetrated against specific peoples, and that contrary to the narrative this stuff has worked countless times. In significant and hugely long term ways.
I'll try to keep this topic relatively contained so that people actually read it, so I'll center my argument around a few key articles and then open for discussion.
First, because the number one thing people who view violent protests as a pointless exercise is futility that ruins messages do is to quote Martin Luther King Jr. or point to his nonviolent movement as proof of the "right way", I thought we'd shortly discuss his perspective. The truth is that the reality is that nonviolence was not the sole tool of the civil rights movement, violence and killing and looting were a regular occurrence during the 60s, just like in Ferguson, just like we see in Baltimore today:
On August 11, 1965, a black motorist was arrested for drunk-driving, and a minor roadside argument suddenly turned into a riot. There followed six days of looting and arson, especially of white-owned businesses, and police needed the support of nearly 4,000 members of the California Army National Guard. There were 34 deaths and over $40 million in property damage. The riots were blamed principally on unemployment, although a later investigation also highlighted police racism. It was the city's worst unrest until the Rodney King riots of 1992.
Sound familiar? An injustice against an individual within a group of peoples spiraled into a hellstorm of violence and destruction. What is going on today is a joke compared to scale of the explosions of anger that went on in the 60s.
These often had huge impacts on changing local laws and eventually national ones. But what did Martin Luther King Jr. have to say on riots?
_____________________________
MLK Jr. On Riots
_____________________________
"I will agree that there is a group in the Negro community advocating violence now. I happen to feel that this group represents a numerical minority. Surveys have revealed this. The vast majority of Negroes still feel that the best way to deal with the dilemma that we face in this country is through non-violent resistance, and I don't think this vocal group will be able to make a real dent in the Negro community in terms of swaying 22 million Negroes to this particular point of view. And I contend that the cry of "black power" is, at bottom, a reaction to the reluctance of white power to make the kind of changes necessary to make justice a reality for the Negro. I think that we've got to see that a riot is the language of the unheard. And, what is it that America has failed to hear? It has failed to hear that the economic plight of the Negro poor has worsened over the last few years."
"But it is not enough for me to stand before you tonight and condemn riots. It would be morally irresponsible for me to do that without, at the same time, condemning the contingent, intolerable conditions that exist in our society. These conditions are the things that cause individuals to feel that they have no other alternative than to engage in violent rebellions to get attention. And I must say tonight that a riot is the language of the unheard. And what is it America has failed to hear? It has failed to hear that the plight of the negro poor has worsened over the last twelve or fifteen years. It has failed to hear that the promises of freedom and justice have not been met. And it has failed to hear that large segments of white society are more concerned about tranquility and the status quo than about justice and humanity."
Speech
_____________________________
Examples of Violent Riots that Changed History
_____________________________
Now the important thing to do is recognize the reality that even though this is a shitty outcome, that violence is inevitable when those in power refuse to listen to the pleas of those they're supposed to serve when huge injustices are perpetrated.
But if these riots didn't work, there'd be no point, right? I agree. The problem is that they do sometimes work. Often. And for a huge range of issues. Here is an overview of just some, using various sources for your viewing. I mostly focused on US riots because that is where the unrest is currently going on. But most countries can point to riots like this which have worked. (Source 1, Source 2, Source 3, Source 4, Source 5, Source 6)
The Stonewall Riots:
This Sunday, June 28, will mark the 40th anniversary of the Stonewall riots, the event largely regarded as a catalyst for the LGBT movement for civil rights in the United States. The riots inspired LGBT people throughout the country to organize in support of gay rights, and within two years after the riots, gay rights groups had been started in nearly every major city in the United States.
At the time, there were not many places where people could be openly gay. New York had laws prohibiting homosexuality in public, and private businesses and gay establishments were regularly raided and shut down.
In the early hours of June 28, 1969, a group of gay customers at a popular gay bar in Greenwich Village called the Stonewall Inn, who had grown angry at the harassment by police, took a stand and a riot broke out. As word spread throughout the city about the demonstration, the customers of the inn were soon joined by other gay men and women who started throwing objects at the policemen, shouting "gay power."
Police reinforcements arrived and beat the crowd away, but the next night, the crowd returned, even larger than the night before, with numbers reaching over 1000. For hours, protesters rioted outside the Stonewall Inn until the police sent a riot-control squad to disperse the crowd. For days following, demonstrations of varying intensity took place throughout the city.
In the wake of the riots, intense discussions about civil rights were held among New York's LGBT people, which led to the formation of various advocacy groups such as the short-lived Gay Liberation Front, which was the first group to use the word "gay" in its name, and a city-wide newspaper called Gay. On the 1st anniversary of the Stonewall Riots, the first gay pride parades in U.S. history took place in Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, and near the Stonewall Inn in New York.
This was directly instrumental in galvanizing a community to forever change this country. It worked.
Student Revolt and Labor Strikes in France
After the Algerian crisis of the l950s, France entered a period of stability in the 1960s. The French empire was abolished, the economy improved, and President Charles de Gaulle was a popular ruler. Discontent lay just beneath the surface, however, especially among young students, who were critical of France’s outdated university system and the scarcity of employment opportunity for university graduates. Sporadic student demonstrations for education reform began in 1968, and on May 3 a protest at the Sorbonne (the most celebrated college of the University of Paris) was broken up by police. Several hundred students were arrested and dozens were injured.
In the aftermath of the incident, courses at the Sorbonne were suspended, and students took to the streets of the Latin Quarter (the university district of Paris) to continue their protests. On May 6, battles between the police and students in the Latin Quarter led to hundreds of injuries. On the night of May 10, students set up barricades and rioted in the Latin Quarter. Nearly 400 people were hospitalized, more than half of them police. Leftist students began calling for radical economic and political change in France, and union leaders planned strikes in support of the students. In an effort to defuse the crisis by returning the students to school, Prime Minister Georges Pompidou announced that the Sorbonne would be reopened on May 13.
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In the two rounds of voting on June 23 and 30, the Gaullists won a commanding majority in the National Assembly. In the aftermath of the May events, de Gaulle’s government made a series of concessions to the protesting groups, including higher wages and improved working conditions for workers, and passed a major education reform bill intended to modernize higher education. After 11 years of rule, Charles de Gaulle resigned the presidency in 1969 and was succeeded by Pompidou. He died the next year just before his 80th birthday.
These riots that included killing police officers led to massive changes for workers and students alike.
The 'Snow' Riot of 1835
In August 1835, an angry mob of white laborers vandalized a restaurant operated by Beverly Snow, a free black man.
The unrest began when Arthur Bowen, a slave belonging to Mrs. Anna Maria Thornton, threatened to murder her. (Thornton was the well-known and highly-respected widow of William Thornton, architect of the U.S. Capitol.) Bowen came home drunk and entered her bedroom with an ax while she slept. His mother was also sleeping in the room and quickly escorted him out. However, Mrs. Thornton awoke terrified and ran to neighbors. When they returned, they heard Arthur say "I'll have my freedom, you hear me? I have as much right to freedom as you do."
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ARTHUR BOWEN'S MIDNIGHT RAMBLE was followed by Washington's first race riot, an outbreak of violence that has largely been forgotten.
Pro and anti-slavery forces crystallized during that particular time period and also emerged in Congress in the years following the riot. The electoral map of the U.S. still corresponds roughly to the divisions between the red and blue states to this day.
I included this one for complexity's sake, because this was a riot by white racists which happened to change the face of America forever. We STILL face the repercussions of this riot today.
1921 Battle of Blair Mountain
Rising as high as 2,064 feet, Blair Mountain was both the symbolic and real hurdle that confronted miners wishing to bring union protection to the miners of Mingo, Logan, Mercer, and McDowell counties. The ridge offered only the most inhospitable conditions for a march: steep slopes, heavy timber, and rocky terrain. It also afforded high points that were good outposts for defensive scouts, including massive rock formations that served as strong defensive positions. The topography of the region dictated the course of the confrontation, and is therefore extremely significant.
The American industrial revolution brought with it massive, rapid changes in the way citizens lived and worked. Work in fast-paced, dangerous environments dictated new levels of adherence to standards of timekeeping, regularity, and safety. For Americans accustomed to the farm life and in-home production of goods, this often meant a radical adjustment. As large corporations emerged and began competing with one another in the stock market, businesses often increased production and allowed safety to diminish as a means of staying solvent. Coal mines struggled to provide the growing iron, steel, and railroad industries with the fuel that was so important to their growth. Though yielding relatively low profit return on a high labor investment, and incredibly dangerous, the mining of coal was integrally important to the industrial growth of the nation. Repeated accidents resulted in growing activism in the mines of Pennsylvania and other states, and by the end of the 19th century, coal strikes were commonplace as a means of building the miners' unions.
In the early twentieth century, coal alone fueled American industry. Work stoppages threatened steel production and the railroads, and political and economic pressure to maintain order in the coalfields allowed coal companies a great deal of latitude. Increasingly, however, mine workers began to organize as a way to withstand the industry's back-breaking demands and garner a small piece of its extraordinary profits. These efforts were consistently resisted by the coal companies, whose suppression of the unions were also supported by a widespread national fear of bolshevism following the Russian revolution.
The Battle of Blair Mountain took place between August 30 and September 4, 1921. Spruce Fork Ridge formed a natural dividing line between union and non-union territories. On August 30, the miners began their assault on Blair Mountain. Defensive positions blocked the miners along on the upper slopes of the ridge, with particular concentrations at the gaps: Mill Creek, Crooked Creek, Beech Creek and Blair Mountain. Here the defensive force dug trenches, felled trees, blocked roads, built breastworks and placed machine guns. Most of the hostilities between the two groups occurred along the fifteen-mile ridgeline, reflecting the miners' use of natural pathways up and over the ridge to breach Chafin's line.
During the battle, private planes organized by the defensive militia dropped as many as ten homemade bleach and shrapnel bombs at Jeffrey, Blair, and near the miners' headquarters on Hewitt Creek. In Charleston, eleven Army Air Corps pilots arrived, led by Billy Mitchell, a pioneer in aerial bombardment who was eager to experiment with the strategy. While troops were used in labor disputes throughout the nation during this era, West Virginia alone bears the distinction of having been the focus - and potential target - of military aircraft. Fortunately, the Army did not allow Mitchell to bomb the miners; the military planes performed reconnaissance flights.
Although they did not win the Battle of Blair Mountain, the miners accomplished a great deal in their revolt. It forced national scrutiny of their situation in the press and in the federal government. They amassed sufficient force to require intervention by the United States Army, and they broke down racial and ethnic barriers to the solidarity they would need later when they did organize. Following sanctioning legislation in the 1930s, the UMWA became the leading force in organizing the nation's industrial workers. UMWA president John L. Lewis formed the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1937, which spearheaded the struggles for unionization in the auto, rubber, steel and other industries.
The impact is self-explanatory. It was a pivotal moment in the labor movement.
_____________________________
Discussion
_____________________________
The point of all this is not to come here and endorse violent riots as the "way to go" when you want change. The point is to highlight the high level of complexity that is actually involved in these assessments. Violent riots DO work, and have worked many times throughout history and in many countries. They have worked to effect both short term and long term solutions, or to spark movements which critically changes the countries they were in.
This does not mean we have to like them. They are a sad result, but thinking they are sad does not change the root causes. And unless we accept the root causes and that these are the natural results of situations where those in power do not listen to the cries for help of those they are supposed to serve, we're never going to fix the problems that led to these violent revolts in the first place.