Can opposition parties introduce bills and have parliament vote on it? Or can they only vote on the bills introduced by the ruling party?
The short answer is, yes; the opposition can schedule, introduce and vote on bills on Opposition Days. Not sure about every other day, but that's how it works for the opposition parties.
So, if the Conservatives won a minority, the opposition parties can just shoot down all of their bills and act like the Conservatives aren't there, right? This would work as long as the Conservatives didn't tie the bill to a confidence vote or budget or whatever?
Pretty much, and like I said even if they stupidly tied it to a confidence, the Liberals, NDP and Greens would then likely get together and get a coalition or supply and confidence ready before they blow the house open and take over.
So even if it doesn't happen immediately, if there is a threat of the Conservatives trying to force an election before Electoral Reform -because that is the one thing all the parties have been absolute about getting done before the next election- passes, they will likely go that route.
That said, I'm currently looking for a video on how laws are introduced and passed in Canada, mainly because i think it would be a good thing to post here so that everyone can refresh themselves on how things work in a minority