So earlier I asked if anybody who didn't know anything about how anime comes together, was watching
Shirobako. Some people replied and some were obviously being sarcastic. So I just had a notion of explaining some of the key terms that the show uses because I'm not sure how great of a job it is explaining each process/component. This is intended to be very general/introductory and I'm sure some people are going to point out where I'm wrong.
So I guess the anime production process can be covered up in four general areas. There is also pre-production but that's it's own thing altogether. These four areas are animation, coloring, post animation effects, and sound. Animation and sound can be broken down into subcategories. First let's start with animation since that's really the crux of everything.
Storyboards:
This is how the episode/theme will flow or be framed. An animator or director will fill out the above form and the animators will expand or elaborate on the storyboards in order to create the episode. Some directors create really elaborate storyboards like Shingo Natsume for
Space Dandy, others might do some scribbles and expect the animators to figure out the rest.
Key Animation/Genga:
Key animation is the main part of an animated work. They're the key frames in an animated sequence. An animated sequence can also be referred to as a cut, and usually each key animator is assigned a certain number of cuts per episode. What most animators do, some exceptions being Mitsuo Iso or Bahi JD, is that they draw certain parts or frames in a cut and someone else animates the rest.
Inbetweens/Douga:
This is 'the rest' that I just referred to, it's seemingly referred to as inbetweens because they're in-between keyframes. This is outsourced to another studio, or Korea at times, as not only is it mind-numbing work but it also requires an insane amount of manpower. If someone is complaining about the animation being jerky or the characters being offmodel, then chances are somebody fucked up with the inbetweens. There are people who check the inbetweens for quality issues but 'shit happens' as the saying goes. There are thousands of inbetweens in an episode.
Animation Director:
They essentially check or correct key frames and possibly send it back to the original animator to fix. They're usually the more experienced of the staff. Changes can be elaborate or very subtle. In some ways, they're responsible for the animation quality of an episode or movie.
Background Art:
Just that. It's what you see in the background. Most animators usually just do the characters and the background artists (although they're animators/artists too) do the background work. This is always outsourced as well.
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Coloring:
Animators normally don't color their stuff. This most often is left to a different studio that specializes in coloring. What happens is that each color has a certain number, determined by a color design person, and the studio pretty much just fills it in.
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Post Animation Efffects:
This is not only CGI work but also can include stuff like putting in depth of field in particular shots. This is also usually outsourced although a number of studios such as Ufotable can do large amounts inhouse.
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Background music/OST:
The soundtrack for an anime.
Sound work:
The sounds you might hear in an anime letting the closing of a door or the sound a sword a might make. A notable example of good sound work would be
Flowers of Evil.
Voice Acting:
What comes out of a character's mouth. Also the worst part of anime fandom.
I expect
Shirobako to go over the VA work and post production stuff later (since they have girls dedicated to each). Honestly, there are much better sources of info than this post such as the
Little Witch Academia documentary or a multitude of websites covering all of this in much more detail.