There's a lot of different teleports added to the game. You can teleport to Abyssea maws, you can teleport via Voidwatch NPCs, you can do campaign warps, and Adoulin added another teleport quest that lets you teleport to various out-of-the-way spots in a ton of different locations. There's also a cape you can get once you start the Abyssea quest that lets you teleport to the party leader once every 20 hours.
It's worth noting that for the Voidwatch warps it takes some advancement in its specific quests/fight progression to get all of them, but every so often tehre are shouts that can help with that.
For outpost warps you need to do the supply runs when you'r nation's in control of the corresponding area and you need to reach the place by your own means for that.
For campaign warps you need to have been in the area before, which won't be a problem if you've made the trek to all past cities, plus past versions of the dungeons near euno - it can take a while, but very handy for WotG content.
Speaking of expansion-specific content, there's also runic portal throughout aht Urghan, which must also be reached before you can tele there - once you reach them, you can always tele from them.
When Adoulin was about to become available, waypoints here also introduced, yet oddly their system wasn't unified yet - for the points throughout the Zilart-age zones you can transport from Ru'lude Gardens to places you're need to visit during the quest to activate them (Selbina, Mhaura, Norg and Rabao, which makes them a lot more convenient - these can be starting points once unlocked).
Following quests lets you teleport to outdoors areas that in some cases only ever have to be visited for a couple of different quests (bottom of the Gustaberg waterfall, for example) - might as well check and get those done if you can on the way to unlocking them while you're at it.
The later ones invovle getting access to the inside of beastmen strongholds like Davoi, Quicksand Caves or Castle Zvahl, which gets handy for a lot of things.
The odd thing was when Adoulin was released, a new waypoint was set up in Lower Jeuno, but can only be used to send you to Adoulin areas (and from there, only the city, I think), although it seems to share the same currency (kinetic units, adquired by trading crystals and clusters to the thing).
most annoying, you can't use waypoints from Ulbuka outdoors areas to tele to other outdoors areas - you can either tele to waypoints in the same area or to the city... really hope they address this later on...
This may depend on the Courrier coalition rank, but in that one you can buy key items that let you use waypoints to teleport to Zilart area cities/towns.
Now if only they'd make an extra one to send me to Whitegate I could change my homepoint to Adoulin, since from there you'd be able to reach every other place.
And of course, there are also the crystal spots that allow you to be teleported by white mage spells - there are also 3 of them in the past to add to the 5 in the present areas, which, as usual, must be visited in advanced.
I almost forgot that once you alliance with a past nation for the WotG missions, there's a black mage spell, Retrace, that can take you there.
As it stands, I keep my home point in Whitegate since it's only only place you always have to pay to reach otherwise, and from there there's a free tele to Jeuno or the home city.