My guess is that its a mix of many mediocre players, who lack international class and the coaches of the clubs. I like Veh, Hyppiä and Keller. They are gentlemen but have seriously no fucking clue about tactics and strategy. Neverkusen has basically no leader. Not on the pitch and not inside the club that could go forward and act as a face for the club. Same goes with Schalke. Too inconsistent, a much to wide gap between good players and bad players and like all the other clubs, no idea of tactics. Its not really the budget that seperates them from the big clubs but the lack of identity and proper strategy on the pitch. With all respect to PSG and Real, but only an idiot would play 4-3-3 against them if the overall team is two classes worse. Instead of pressing against the midfield of those teams, they simply wait and hope to get the ball in their own half, but the way is too far to start a proper counter. These are simple tweaks that could have saved them from this embarrasment. Bundesliga hasnt understand how important it is to win the ball back in the opponents half by relentless pressing. Defending alone wont help against the individual skill of Lucas, Ibra, Ronaldo or Bale. Cutting the midfielders out of the game is key if you want to compete against the big guns. This is only scratching the iceberg that the problems are but these are the most fundamental. If you lack the skill in football, you could compensate it by positioning and tactics.
Edit: Conclusion:
Bundesliga is pretty shitty besides Bayern.
Bundesliga is utter shit besides Bayern and Dortmund in international competitions.