Okay, the image in question was released by Mihoyo a few days back as the confirmed Constellations of the Eleven Fatui Harbingers. Now first let's list all the "data points" that we definitely know about them so far:
Confirmed Harbinger titles are:
- Pulcinella, mentioned in dialogue and "seen" in the Teyvat Story preview
- Capitano, mentioned in dialogue
- Dottore, seen in the Manga
- Scaramouche, mentioned in dialogue and seen in the Unreturned Stars event preview
- Pantalone, mentioned in dialogue
- Signora, encountered at the end of Prologue, Act 3
- Sandrone, mentioned in the Sigil of Permission video
- Tartaglia, encountered in Chapter 1, Act 1
Additionally all Harbingers also have an alternate alias or moniker apart from their official title (which by the way are just that, titles and not their actual real names, of which we actually know none of at the moment). These aliases are interestingly switched around in "introduction order" with their title depending on the language/localization of which version you are playing, i.e. in the Chinese version it goes [The Fair Lady], La Signora instead of [La Signora], the Fair Lady.
These aliases which we know of are:
- The "Rooster", Pulcinella (the figure of Pulcinella is derived from the name of chicken/rooster, as well as sporting a very prominent beak-like nose)
- The "Captain", Capitano
- The "Doctor/Professor", Dottore
- The "Skirmisher", Scaramouche (derived from "little skirmisher")
- The "Limitless/Unhindered", Pantalone (a very greedy, influential figure of a merchant)
- The "Fair Lady", Signora
- The "Puppet", Sandrone (the figure of Sandrone was a very prominent marionette character)
- The "Childe/Young Lord", Tartaglia
Confirmed positions are:
- Pulcinella is the First
- Scaramouche is the Sixth
- Signora is the Eighth
- Tartaglia is the Eleventh
Finally, the sole confirmed Constellation is:
- Tartaglia is Monocerus Caeli, i.e. "Celestial Narwhal"
Based on all that it's a safe assumption that the Constellations on this "round table" were arranged in descending order alternating left and right, i.e. top-most is No. 0 technically (the Fatui symbol as a whole of their organization), then it would follow No. 1 as first top-left, No. 2 first top right, etc. until bottom-most being No. 11.
So, for that to check out would the known positions/Harbingers fit into that? Well, Tartaglia is the Narwhal at No 11 that is a given. La Signora would as No. 8 have to go into the slot of the womanly figure, seems very appropriate. Scaramouche, the Skirmisher would slot into the clawed fist, seems okay, nothindg definite confirming but neither against it either. Pulcinella, the Rooster would be the the bird-like Plague Mask, very fitting.
Based on that assumption we can now assign other likely positions. Sandrone, the Puppet would obviously be No. 9. Pantalone, the mercantile, greedy, limitless would be the the spiraling hand at No. 7. Capitano would fit into No. 2 with the crossed blades. Dottore meanwhile would very likely be No. 3 with the apparent relic icon.
Position No. 4 meanwhile, while not confirmed, would very likely be the character of "Colombina", i.e. "little dove".
That actually leaves only two Constellations to guess work: No. 5 the relatively generic mask and No. 10 the (similar to Tartaglia's narwhal) very specifically unrelated moth.