"modern" Opera born in Italy at the end of the 16th century in Florence.
The first masterpiece in Opera , that is still performed to this day, came a few years later with Monterverdi's Orfeo Favola in musica based on the greek myth of Orphee.
Vi ricorda ò boschi ombrosi (Orfeo Favola in musica - Monteverdi - 1608)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bU681o8BlZs
Soon Opera (which means 'work' in italian) popularity spread to the whole peninsula (Venice, Milan, Rome, Naples...) and new theatres were built to stage this new kind of entertainment.
Since it was a profitable business many of the best italian musician for the next centuries focused on this form of music (for example Vivaldi composed more than 20 Operas).
Come in vano il mare irato (Catone in Utica - Vivaldi - 1737)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0j4Y8cjAQA
Italy at that time was seen as the cradle of Opera so many italian composers were called to work for foreign countries like Austria, Russia or France (Lully for example was an italian born in Tuscania).
Opera in its first century was mostly based on myths or legends with a serious tone ( called Opera Seria) however at the end of the 17th century in the Naples area (Stradella, Alessandro Scarlatti) began to flourish a new genre based on comedy: Opera comica.
At first the genre was relegated as a light intermezzo in between an Opera seria parts but soon it became so popular to gain existence in itself.
This genre was centered around every day events in a funny way, it was also was cheaper to produce compared to Opera Seria thus it became very popular everywhere.
Giants like Mozart or Rossini are very in debt with Scuola napoletana (neapolitan school).
Pergolesi Opera comica La serva padrona was once so popular to be the cause to a famous french controversy known as
querelles des bouffons
Stizzoso mio stizzoso (La serva Padrona - Pergolesi - 1733)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUa3AN-_hM0
As I said Rossini is one of the better known Opera composer, he gained huge notoriety early in his career, especially for Opera comica (however half of his production was Opera Seria), but soon he retired to enjoy life.
His last Opera, Guglielmo Tell, anticipated what would have been known as Grand Opera.
Cruda sorte! Amor tiranno (L'italiana in Algeri - Rossini - 1813)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5EWXBJutSQ
Overture (Barbiere di Siviglia - Rossini - 1816)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z549Oi7HpY4
Questo è un nodo avviluppato (Cenerentola - Rossini - 1817)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NB14yuKef1s
It is said that Rossini took just 3 weeks to compose this masterpiece.
Overture (La gazza ladra - Rossini - 1817)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDBzi1aHbKY
Overture (Guglielmo Tell - Rossini - 1829)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUAAZaIFzhA
Rest will come with the next post, if it is of any interest...